atomic structure
what is matter?
anything that has mass and takes up space
how are elements organized on the periodic table?
atomic number
what is radiation used for?
treatment of cancer, thyroid disorders, and some blood disorders. it is also used in smoke detectors, x-ray machines, certain types of imaging to look for diseases, etc
how are ions formed?
atoms gain or lose electrons to form ions
what is a mole?
a counting unit
what is the plum pudding model?
electrons randomly distributed around a positive center
how many groups are in the periodic table?
18
true or false: radiation can be used in food
true, it is used to kill bacteria
what types of ions are there?
cation and anion
what is stoichiometry?
the study of the quantitative aspects of chemical reactions
what was discovered by the gold foil experiment?
all atoms have a tiny, dense, centrally located nucleus
what is the name of group 2?
alkaline earth metals
what is radioactivity?
the process by which nuclei emit particles and rays
what are the three types of chemical bonds?
ionic, covalent, metallic
who discovered the mole?
amedeo avogadro
what did niels bohr discover?
an electron is found only in specific paths, or orbits, around the nucleus
who organized the periodic table?
dmitri mendeleev
what types of radiation are there?
alpha, beta, and gamma
what types of bonds are there?
chemical, ionic, polar covalent, nonpolar covalent
what is the molar mass of 1 mole of bromine atoms?
8.0
what is the electron configuration of chlorine?
1s22s22p63s23p6
what has high ionization energy?
non-metals
what is the name of the glass filled metal tube that detects radiation?
geiger counter
what are the differences between ionic and covalent bonds?
covalent: low conductivity, low solubility in water, low melting point, low boiling point, soft feel
ionic: high conductivity, high solubility in water, high melting point, high boiling point, hard feel
what is the mole equal to?
6.02 x 1023