Vocabulary
A compound composed of adenosine and three phosphate groups that supplies energy for many biochemical cellular processes by undergoing enzymatic hydrolysis.
ATP
A monomer of carbohydrate, simple sugar
glucose
nutrient
What are the groups of chemicals that are essential to life, and why do we need them?
proteins, carbs, fibers, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, nutrients.
Healthy diet
What are some of the substances that fermentation is used to make?
bread, beer, wine, penicillin, yogurt
A sugar in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide, or polysaccharide.
carbohydrate
a double sugar molecule made of two monosaccharides bonded together through dehydration synthesis
disaccheride
a polymer of thousands of simple sugars formed by dehydration synthesis
polysaccheride
How do we obtain the minerals our body needs?
eating plants- absorbed from the soil
How does fermentation with yeast change in the presence of oxygen?
it respires with oxygen
feeds on sugars
breaks down into carbon dioxide and water
an organic monomer which serves as a building block of proteins
amino acid
one of a family of compounds including fats, phospholipids, and steroids that is insoluble in water.
lipid
a three dimensional polymer made of monomers of amino acids
protein
What do chemicals in food do?
flavor, color, nutrients
What two things make up fat?
glycerol and fatty acids
a chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.
dehydration sythesis
A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar
monosaccharide
a chemical reaction in which a sugar is broken down by microbes into alcohol an carbon dioxide
fermentation
What are the main elements in the human body?
oxygen, hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen
How many ingredients make up the different types of proteins?
20
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree Celsius.
Calorie
a type of giant molecule formed by joining smaller molecules which includes proteins, polysaccharides, lipids, and nucleic acids
macromolecule
a single-celled fungus used in fermentation
yeast
What are polysaccharides good for?
building and storing energy
How many amino acids can we NOT make ourselves?
9