Chemistry of Life & Cells

CHEMISTRY OF LIFE AND VIRUSES

100

A student claims that the influenza virus replicates in the air and then infects people. 

Why is this statement FALSE?

The claim is false because host cells would not be present in the air. To replicate itself, the virus needs to infect a host.

200

Which statement accurately compares eukaryotes and prokaryotes?

A) Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells.

B) Eukaryotic cells replicate faster than prokaryotic cells.

C) Only prokaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles.

D) Only prokaryotic cells lack outer membranes and cell walls.

A) Eukaryotic cells are more complex than prokaryotic cells.

CELL STRUCTURE, FUNCTION, AND TRANSPORT

100

In animal cells, the sodium-potassium pump moves sodium and potassium ions against a concentration gradient across the cell membrane.

What type of transport is used?

Active transport is used in the process. The movement of sodium and potassium ions requires energy (ATP) because the ions need to be pumped against their concentration gradient from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration.

Cell Energetics & Enzymes

100

Photosynthesis produces what? (2 things)

Glucose + oxygen

200

Lipase is an enzyme that chemically breaks down lipids in cells into fatty acids and glycerol. Lipase accomplishes this task because of its unique structure. Which part of the enzyme is involved in this catabolic reaction? 

A) Allosteric site          B) Binding-pocket product 

C) Active site          D) Enzyme-Substrate Complex 

C) Active site

DNA & Cell Cycle

100

Dogs have 39 pairs of chromosomes in their somatic cells. In which part of the cell are these chromosomes replicated during the cell cycle?

in the nucleus 

200

Scientists have reported that more than 95% of the factors that lead to some types of cancers are caused by random DNA-copying errors. During which phase of the cell cycle do these DNA-copying errors most likely occur?

S phase

300

A student observed a human cheek cell under a light microscope and made these observations:

• The chromatin is condensed.
• There is no visible nucleolus.
• The spindle fibers are visible.
• The nuclear membrane looks like it is disappearing.

Which phase of the cell cycle is this student MOST LIKELY observing?

Prophase

Heredity

100

Curly hair (H) is always dominant to straight hair (h). The ability to taste PTC (P) is always dominant to not being able to taste PTC (p). The alleles for straight hair and a non-taster for PTC are recessive.

If both parents are heterozygous for both traits, what would be the genotype of an offspring with straight hair and the ability to taste PTC?

HhPp

200

Humans have thousands of genes that combine in different ways to help create unique individuals. Where is the genetic code primarily located?

Nucleotides of DNA

300

A scientist examined two populations of the grasshopper species Atractomorpha lata. The scientist found that the population raised in higher temperatures had a higher frequency of brown coloration, while the population raised in lower temperatures had a higher frequency of green coloration.

Based on this information, which biological process is affected by temperature in A. lata?

Gene Expression

400

Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disorder in humans. What is the probability that an offspring will have cystic fibrosis if both parents are carriers of cystic fibrosis?

25%