The Periodic Table
The ______ ______ increases one at a time as you move across the period on the Periodic Table.
atomic number
What is an ion?
An atom with an overall charge due to unequal numbers of protons (+) and electrons (-).
A biology teacher has 120 lab slides. She gives 53 of them to her students to examine under the microscope. How many slides does she have left?
67
List the levels of organization that make up an organism, starting with an atom and ending with an organism.
Atom → Molecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.
What is a monomer? What is a polymer? Think about the prefixes in each of the words.
A monomer is a single, small molecule that can join with others to form a larger structure.
A polymer is a large molecule made up of many repeating monomers linked together.
Elements in the same column on the periodic table are called a ______.
group
What is the difference between a cation and an anion?
Cation: an ion (charged atom) with an overall positive charge
Anion: an ion (charged atom) with an overall negative charge
What type of bonds are formed WITHIN water molecules? Why?
Covalent bonds form within water molecules because the oxygen and hydrogen atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells.
Please list 5 to 7 properties that make water special.
Cohesion, Adhesion, Capillary Action, Surface Tension, Universal Solvent, Polarity (Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic)
List the six elements necessary for life and give examples of three molecules that contain those elements.
Oxygen, Sulfur, Phosphorous, Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen
Examples: Glucose (C6H12O6), Water (H20), Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
The number at the top of a square on the periodic table is called the ____, while the number at the bottom is the ___.
Atomic number
Atomic mass
Please describe the location, charge and mass of protons, neutrons and electrons.
Protons = positive, mass 1, nucleus
Neutrons = neutral, mass 1, nucleus
Electrons = negative, mass 0, electron cloud
Please draw a model and explain why water is a polar molecule.
Water is a polar molecule because the oxygen atom pulls electrons more strongly than the hydrogen atoms, creating an uneven distribution of charge. As a result, the oxygen end becomes slightly negative (δ–) and the hydrogen ends become slightly positive (δ+), giving water its polarity.
In the TV show Phineas and Ferb, there’s a song about an aglet. What part of the shoe is the aglet?
The small plastic or metal tip at the end of a shoelace.
List which macromolecule is not obtained from our food and where we do get it from.
The macromolecule nucleic acids are not obtained from our food; we make them in our cells using the DNA and RNA that we inherit from our parents.
Using the periodic table in your journal, please calculate the following things for a neutral Hydrogen atom: atomic number, atomic mass, # protons, # neutrons, # electrons.
atomic number = 1
atomic mass = 1
# protons = 1
# neutrons = 0
# electrons = 1
Using the given information, please solve for the missing items:
# Protons = +20
# Electrons = -17
Overall Charge with Element Symbol = ?
Cation or Anion?
Ca3+
Cation
An ionic bond forms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another, creating positively and negatively charged ions that attract each other. For example, sodium chloride (NaCl).
A covalent bond forms when atoms share electrons to fill their outer shells. For example, water (H₂O).
Using your Water Lab Stations, please explain 3 stations: which property they demonstrated and why.
Multiple Answers
Provide an example for each type of macromolecule.
Carbohydrates: Glucose, starch, glycogen, cellulose, sucrose
Lipids: Fats, oils, waxes, phospholipids, steroids (like cholesterol)
Proteins: Enzymes (amylase), hemoglobin, collagen, antibodies, keratin
Nucleic Acids: DNA or RNA
Using the periodic table in your journal, please calculate the following things for a neutral Neon atom: atomic number, atomic mass, # protons, # neutrons, # electrons.
atomic number = 10
atomic mass = 20
# protons = 10
# neutrons = 10
# electrons = 10
Using the given information, please solve for the missing items:
# Protons = +23
# Electrons = -25
Overall Charge with Element Symbol = ?
Cation or Anion?
V2-
Anion
Please explain what a hydrogen bond is and give two examples from class.
A hydrogen bond is a weak attraction that occurs between the slightly positive hydrogen atom of one polar molecule and the slightly negative atom (like oxygen or nitrogen) of another polar molecule.
Two examples from class are: hydrogen bonding between water molecules (which gives water high surface tension) and hydrogen bonds between DNA base pairs (A–T and G–C).
Explain the difference between cohesion and adhesion.
Cohesion is the attraction between water molecules and other water molecules due to hydrogen bonding, while adhesion is the attraction between water molecules and other surfaces or substances.
List the monomers and polymers of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Carbohydrates:
Monomer: Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose, fructose)
Polymer: Polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose, glycogen)
Lipids:
Monomer: Glycerol and fatty acids
Polymer: Triglycerides, phospholipids, waxes
Proteins:
Monomer: Amino acids
Polymer: Polypeptides (proteins)
Nucleic Acids:
Monomer: Nucleotides
Polymer: DNA and RNA