Chemistry of Life Unit Test Review

CoL Part I

100

What are the products in the below reaction?

H₂O + CO₂ ---> C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

C₆H₁₂O₆ + O₂

QUESTION FOR THE NEXT GROUP: How does this reaction uphold the Law of Conservation of Matter/Mass?

200

The negative end of a water molecule connects to which part of the next water molecule? (Tell which atom)

Hydrogen atom

300

An isotope of carbon, element #6, would have which of the following amounts of subatomic particles?

A - 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 6 electrons 

B - 7 protons, 7 neutrons, and 7 electrons 

C - 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons 

D - 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons 

C - 6 protons, 8 neutrons, and 6 electrons 

QUESTION FOR THE NEXT GROUP: What would each of the 3 other options represent? 

400

DAILY DOUBLE

What 2 factors cause an enzyme to lose its bond structure and fall apart?

What is this process called? 

The wrong pH or temperature...This is called Denaturation 

500

DAILY DOUBLE (2 QUESTIONS IN 1)

Which type of reaction is modeled below? Which major biochemical reaction could this represent? 

The reaction is endothermic. It can represent photosynthesis. 

QUESTION FOR NEXT GROUP: What would this graph look like if an enzyme were used to catalyze this reaction?

Carbohydrates

100

Simple carbs are called ___________ while complex carbs are called ___________.

monosaccharides

polysaccharides

QUESTION FOR THE NEXT GROUP: What is the monomer for carbs? Give an example of the polymer it forms. 

200

These are examples of carbohydrates.

What are Sugars and Starches?

300

Starch is classified as this type of carbohydrate. 

Polysaccharide / complex carbohydrate

400

Starch has more of this type of energy compared to glucose. 

Chemical energy: the energy stored in the bonds that hold atoms (matter) together

500

In what three ways do isomers such as glucose and fructose differ?

Arrangement of atoms, arrangement of bonds, and chemical properties

QUESTION FOR NEXT GROUP: WHICH PROCESS IS ILLUSTRATED IN THE ABOVE IMAGE?

Lipids

100

DAILY DOUBLE

Name the lipid shown below and 2 possible functions. 

 

Name: triglyceride

Functions: long-term energy storage and insulation of body heat (like the blubber of a seal)

200

Proteins contain the information to build nucleic acids. (True or False)

FALSE

300

Lipids do not have a repeating monomer structure but can often be distinguished by this straight chain feature. 

What is a fatty acid chain/tail?

400

This hydrophobic coating on plants blocks the passage of water to protect against both water loss and excess water absorption.

What is waxy cuticle? 

QUESTION FOR THE NEXT GROUP: State the general functions for carbs, lipids, and nucleic acids. DOUBLE YOUR MONEY: Which performs all other functions? 

500

This class of lipids is characterized as having 4 linked or fused carbon rings, and several of them have a short fatty acid chain/tail

Steroids

Proteins

100

How many variations of protein monomers exist? 

20 possible amino acids 

200

DAILY DOUBLE (2 QUESTIONS IN 1)

These bonds hold amino acids together to form this level of protein structure.

Peptide bonds...Level 1: polypeptide chain

300

DAILY DOUBLE (2 QUESTIONS IN 1)

A special class of proteins serve as catalysts for chemical reactions. What are they and how do they accomplish this? 

Enzymes...decreasing activation energy

400

The monomer structure shown below is:

The general branched chain structure shared by all Amino Acids

500

There is one FALSE statement listed below. Which one is it?

1. Enzymes are not reactants; they are not consumed in the reactions they catalyze.

2. In any enzyme-catalyzed reaction, the reactants have a special name: substrates.

3. The substrate "Key" will fit only with one type of enzyme "Lock" and when the reaction starts/progresses, the "enzyme-substrate complex" forms.

4. A high concentration of substrate and low concentration of enzyme will speed up enzyme activity. 

FALSE: A high concentration of substrate and low concentration of enzyme will speed up enzyme activity.

QUESTION FOR NEXT GROUP: Fix this statement to make it true. 

Nucleic Acids

100

Nucleic acids are made up of these 5 elements.

What is CHONP?

QUESTION FOR THE NEXT GROUP: Which elements are contained in carbs, lipids, and proteins?

200

Nucleic acids are named after these pentose sugars.

What are ribose and deoxyribose?

300

What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?  

1 of 5 nitrogenous bases, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar.

QUESTION FOR THE NEXT GROUP: What are the possible nitrogenous bases 

DOUBLE YOUR MONEY: What are the possible pentose sugars? 

TRIPLE YOUR MONEY: Which are specific to each nucleic acid polymer?

400

DAILY DOUBLE

What are nucleic acids and what are their functions?

Polymers: RNA and DNA, and modified nucleotide ATP

Storage of genetic information, code to build proteins, and energy for cellular processes

500

The monomer shown forms which polymer:

What is a ribonucleic acid?