Vocabulary
Mixture with an uneven distribution throughout
What is a heterogenous mixture?
a solution containing the max amount of dissolved solute at a given temperature.
What is a saturated Solution
the concentration of solution expressed in number of moles of solute per liter of solution
What is molarity (M)?
Properties that depend on the amount of the solute not the identity of the solute
What are colligative properties?
particles that are so large that they will settle out unless the mixture is constantly stirred
What is a suspension?
a solution containing more dissolved solute than a saturated solution in the same conditions; above its max capacity.
What is a supersaturated solution?
Remove solute
Add more solvent
What are ways to dilute a solution?
adding salt to the ice on a sidewalk to make it melt is an example of this
What is freezing point depression?
When light is scattered by colloidal particles dispersed in a transparent medium
What is the Tyndall Effect
What are things that affect the solubility of a substance?
How much water must be added to 720 mL of a 6.0 M hydrochloric acid solution in order to make a 1.5 M solution
What is 2.2 L added to the original solution?
The pressure caused by molecules in the gas phase that are in equilibrium with the liquid phase
What is vapor pressure?
Liquids that are not soluble to each other and thus form separate layers when mixed together
Immiscable
polar compounds dissolve in polar solvents like water, and nonpolar compounds dissolve in nonpolar solvents.
What is like dissolves like?
the concentration of a 1.50 L solution of 25 g of KCl dissolved in water
What is 0.22 M?
refers to the pressure needed to stop the movement of solvent to balance concentrations
What is osmotic pressure?
The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid
What is Henry's Law
The separation of ions in a ionic compound vs. the solute separating and being surrounded by the molecules of the solvent
What is the difference between dissolving and dissociation?
mass of water is needed to make a 0.650 molal solution with 182 g of C6H12O6 dissolved?
describe how increasing the concentration of the solute changes
1)vapor pressure
2) boiling and freezing points
3) osmotic pressure
2) lowers freezing point, raises boiling point
3) raises osmotic pressure