Bonds & Interactions
What is the name of the bonds created by atoms sharing electrons?
Covalent Bonds
What partial charges do oxygen atoms in water have? What about the hydrogen atoms?
Oxygen has a partial negative charge. Hydrogen has a partial positive.
Do shorter bonds have more or less stability?
More stability=shorter
What is the difference between inter and intra prefixes?
inter-between (2+ things) intra-within (inside 1 thing)
What is the name of bonds created by atoms swapping & attracting electrons?
Ionic bonds
Water molecules have what type of covalent bonds?
Polar Covalent Bonds
Are longer bonds stronger or weaker? What type of bonds would be longer? What about shorter?
Longer bonds are weaker. Non-polar longer, Polar shorter.
What is entropy?
The degree of order in a system.
What is electronegativity?
The tendency of atoms to pull electrons towards itself?
What is the name of the attractions formed between hydrogens molecules of one water molecule and the oxygens of other water molecules? How is this represented in diagrams?
Hydrogen bonds, dashed lines
What types of bonds is shared by two of the same atoms (hypothetically).
Non-Polar Covalent Bonds.
What does it mean for a reaction to be spontaneous? What about non-spontaneous?
Going from high to low potential energy is a spontaneous reaction. Going from low to high potential energy is a non-spontaneous reaction.
What type of interactions are hydrogen bonds?
Dipole-Dipole Interactions
Why can't water dissolve non-polar molecules?
Because of the lack of charges. No attraction, no hydro-shells.
Are nitrogen/hydrogen bonds polar or non-polar bonds? Why?
Polar! Unequal sharing of electrons because hydrogen is more electronegative.
Does potential energy increase or decrease as entropy increase? What about when entropy decreases?
As entropy increases potential energy decreases. As entropy decreases potential energy increases.
What type of covalent bonds would hydrogen and carbon form?
Non-Polar Covalent Bonds
What does it mean for water to be a good solvent? What properties of water make this possible?
Water's polarity (partial charges) allows it to form hydro-shells and separates/dissolves polar or ionic molecules.