Going Nuclear
This is the number of neutrons in an atom of Uranium 238
146 (238-92)
An acid ___________s a proton (H), while a base ________s a proton. Fill in the blanks
Donates/gives, accepts
Oxidation is the _________ of electrons, while reduction is the _________ of electrons
Loss, gain
The names and units for the following variables (in gas equations)
P, V
Pressure (atmospheres or kPa)
Volume (liters)
-273.15 degrees Celsius is equal to 0 in what other temperature scale?
Kelvin (absolute zero)
In alpha decay, a large element releases a nucleus of what light element?
Helium (alpha particle)
Which of the following acids are diprotic (could be one, many or none)
HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, H3PO4, H2S, HBr
H2SO4 and H2S
Give the redox state of oxygen in each of the following:
O2, H2O
O2 has an oxidation state of 0 (no uneven sharing)
H20 it is -2
The names and units for the following variables (in gas equations)
n, R, T
Moles, rate constant = 8.31 (kPa x L) / (moles x K), temperature (K)
Describe a real-world system that would be exothermic compared with its surroundings
*Anything where energy is released from the system
The mass of an unstable isotope drops from 40 g to 5 g in 12 minutes. What is the half life of this isotope?
4 minutes
Calculate the pH of a 0.001 M HNO3 solution.
Calculate the pH of a 0.010 M KOH solution.3 and 12
This is the oxidation state of S in SO2
+4
What happens to the pressure inside a tire when the temperature drops overnight? Why?
It decreases. With a lower temperature, the air particles have less energy imparting a lower pressure on the sides of the container
Equal masses of copper, sand, and water are all heated in the same oven together. After ten minutes, which substance will have the coolest temperature and why?
Water: has the highest specific heat, taking more energy to raise 1 gram by 1 degree C
If 19O were to undergo a beta decay, what element would it become with what mass?
Fluorine, same mass of 19
Give the products of the following neutralization reaction:
HCl + KOH -->
KCl and H2O
This is the oxidation state of phosphorous in PO4-3
+5
We fill a balloon with a certain amount of air at a temp of 300 K. We decrease the temperature to 270 K and find the pressure the balloon to be 101 kPa. What was the initial pressure?
112 kPa
A mug full of water (C = 4.18 J/gdegC) cools from 32 deg C to 24 deg C when left out on the counter.
1) Was heat absorbed or released by the system described?
2) What additional information do you need to determine the amount of heat?
Released (exothermic)
Need the mass of the water (mugs can be different sizes)
What is the resulting radioactive element if the following were to undergo an alpha decay followed by a beta decay?
245Am
235Pu
If the products of a neutralization reaction are water and magnesium sulfate, what were the starting acid and base?
Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2)
Which element is oxidized and which is reduced in the following reaction?
PbS + O2 --> SO2 + PbO
(note: reaction is not balanced)
Sulfur is oxidized (from -2 to +4)
Oxygen is reduced (from 0 to -2)
Lead keeps same oxidation state (+2)
Assuming we have an ideal gas, what is the volume we would find if 20.0 g of carbon dioxide gas is kept at a temperature of 0.00 degrees Celsius and a constant pressure of 101 kPa?
10.2 L
2.5 kilojoules of heat are absorbed by a 200 grams of water (4.18 J/gxdegC). If the water started at room temperature (23 degrees C), what is the final temperature of the water?
Hint: There are 1000 J per kJ
26 degrees C (approximately 3 degree change in temp, absorbed energy so it went up)