Chemistry Review

States of Matter

100

^{Which of the phase changes describes particles slowing down as they lose heat energy, getting closer together to form a liquid?}

Condensation (condensering)

200

Give 3 words that describe how particles in a solid are arranged and how they move.

^{Any of the following:}

They are arranged regularly, close together, lined up, neatly, they jiggle, shake, vibrate, they are joined, touching. 

300

When you heat particles, they move __________.

faster or quicker.

400

What is the opposite of condensing?

^{Write the answer on your board and be prepared to tell an example of this phase change.} 

Evaporating

^{For example, when your hair is wet after you shower, it eventually dries because the water evaporates into the air.}

500

Compared to most solids and liquids, gases are not very _______. This means that they have a few particles in a small volume. 

^{(Think of the relationship between mass and volume.)}

dense

Dissolving

100

When you dissolve sugar in water, you create a mixture.

^{In this mixture, the sugar is called the  _____(a)_____, the water is the ____(b)____ and the mixture is the _____(c)_____.}

(a) solute  (b) solvent (c) solution

200

Why can you not remove nail polish with water? 

Because nail polish is not soluble in water. (You can not dissolve nail polish with water, only acetone.)

300

To make sugar dissolve quickly in tea, what three things can you do to speed up the process?

1) heat it up

2) stir it

3) use finer sugar

400

Give an example of a type of ink that is not soluble in water.

whiteboard pen or dry-erase marker

permanent marker

500

What is a solution called when you can no longer dissolve any more solute into it and the solute sinks to the bottom instead of dissolving?

a saturated solution (en mättad lösning)

Separating Mixtures

100

What separation method separates dye or ink mixtures? 

chromotography

200

^{What separation method would best give you fresh drinking water from salt water?}

distillation

(It uses evaporation to separate the water from the salt by turning the water into vapor, then condensation to turn the vapor into fresh drinking water.)

300

What separation method did we use to make red cabbage juice in the science lab?

filtration

400

Why is the yellow color highest up on the paper?

Because it's most soluble.

500

What is the best way to separate a mixture of tiny pieces of iron, sand and salt so that you can just get the salt?

Remove the iron with a magnet. Mix the sand and salt with water. Filter the sand out using a funnel, leaving just salt water in a beaker. Let the water evaporate by heating the solution, then you will eventually just have salt left.

Acids and Bases

100

What does the pH scale measure?

How acidic or basic a substance is. 

(Or how strong an acid or a base is.)

^{Advanced: it measures the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.}

200

Baking soda is an example of a strong/weak base/acid. 

weak base

300

What does this hazard symbol mean?

Corrosive (frätande)

Corrosive substances will eat away most things on which it is spilled. Watch out in chemistry lab: you could destroy your papers, desk, your clothes or worse, your own skin by spilling something corrosive on it.

400

Look at the colors and pH numbers. What type of indicator was used for this pH test?

Red cabbage juice

500

What is a cause and effect of acid rain?

Cause: Air pollution from cars and coal-burning factories is acidic and this spreads through the atmosphere and makes water vapor in clouds acidic.

Effect: Acid rain makes lakes and other aquatic environments toxic to marine life. It also damages forests and plants, as well as physical structures like buildings and cars. When it takes the form of heavy fog, it can cause health problems like eye irritation and asthma.  

Fuels and Climate Change

100

^{What cycle is this picture showing?}

the carbon cycle

200

^{What is the scientific difference between the words to the left and the words to the right of the pole?}

The ones pointing left show renewable (förnybar) energy. 
The ones pointing right show non-renewable (icke förnybar) energy.

300

^{What is the biggest source of electricity in Sweden?}

Hydropower (vattenkraft)

400

We burn large amounts of fuels such as coal, oil and gas which release carbon dioxide into the air. Carbon dioxide stops some of the heat energy from the Earth escaping, and the Earth stays warm. This is called the ______________________.

greenhouse effect (växthuseffekt)

500

^{You will find this symbol on flammable materials. What is the science word that means burning of flammable materials?}

combustion (förbränning)