Calculations
Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas at STP if there are 0.0154moles of hydrogen gas.
0.376L
HCl (aq) + NaOH (aq) --> NaCl (aq) + H2O (l)
Give the net ionic equation for the above equation.
H+ (aq) + OH-(aq) --> H2O (l)
Dispersion
all molecules and atoms
Solid --> Liquid
Melting
Triple Point
Phases (solid, liquid, gas) coexists at equilibrium. Water cannot exist as liquid, regardless of temperature, at pressures lower than the triple point.
calculate the mass of magnesium oxide possible if 2.40g of Mg reacts with 10.0g of O2.
3.98g MgO
What is the net ionic equation for the reaction below?
MgCl2(aq) + AgNO3(aq) --> AgCl(s) + Mg(NO3)2 (aq)
Ag+ (aq) + Cl-(aq) --> AgCl(s)
Molecules containing Hydrogen bonded to Fluorine, Oxygen, Nitrogen (FON)
Condensation
Gas --> Liquid
Spontaneous Process
Does not require energy from an external source
what is the limiting reagent if 78g of Na2O2 were reacted with 29.4g of H2O?
Na2O2
sodium carbonate + barium nitrate -->
sodium nitrate + barium carbonate
Ba2+(aq) + (CO3)2- (aq) --> BaCO3(s)
Dipole-Dipole
polar molecules
Vaporization
Liquid --> Gas
Solvation
Formation of solution.
Energy is released when solute-solvent attractions are established.
An exothermic process
How much excess reagent remains if 24.5g of CoO is reacted with 2.58g of O2?
4CoO + O2 --> 2Co2O3
0.0046 moles CoO
Nitric acid + calcium hydroxide (s) --> water + calcium nitrate
2H+(aq) + Ca(OH)2(s) --> 2H2O (l) + Ca2+(aq)
Ion-Dipole
Mixture of ionic compounds and polar compounds
Sublimation
Solid --> Gas
STP
Standard Temperature and Pressure
25C
1atm
Calculate the amount of gas (V) evolved from the following reaction at STP if you add 1.0g of Zn to 100mL of 2M HCl.
Zn(s) + 2HCl (aq) --> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)
0.376L
Copper sulfate + Sodium phosphate --> copper phosphate + sodium sulfate
3Cu2+(aq) + 2PO4(3-)(aq) --> Cu3(PO4)2(s)
What kind of interactions are in HCl?
dispersion and dipole-dipole
Deposition
Gas --> Solid
Conditions that favor spontaneous process
1. exothermic change, decreased in internal energy
2. increase in entropy, increased dispersal of matter