Big Idea 1&2
The value of Avogadro's number
What is 6.022 x 1023 ?
A reaction when an evidence reacts with a base to form water and salt.
What is Acid-base Reaction?
describes the dependence of the initial rate of a reaction on the concentration of its reactants; described in terms of the rate of appearance of a product or the rate of disappearance of a reactant; must be determined from experimental data
What is the rate law?
Law that states that energy is neither created nor destroyed, but only transformed from one form to another
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Substance with the ability to act as a acid or base
What is amphoteric?
This element is commonly used in the manufacture of semiconductors.
What is Si?
Equation for current
What is I = q/t
The rate-determining step
What is the slow step?
The randomness or disorder; increases when
1. solid to liquid, or liquid to gas
2. number of particles increases
3. increase in volume
What is entropy?
When solving for equilibrium, omit _______ and _______.
What are solids and liquids?
Four grams of helium gas occupy 22.4 of these at standard temperature and pressure.
What are Liters?
The number of of electrons that is gained or lost when forming a bond.
What is Oxidation state?
t1/2= 0.693/k
What is the first order half-life equation?
The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1 K (or 1 °C).
What is specific heat?
pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA])
What is the Henderson-Hasselbach Equation?
F=kq1q2/r2
What is Coulomb's Law?
The voltage of the cell equals total voltage of redox reaction
What is the voltage of the cell under standard conditions
Theory that states: 1. The molecules must collide
2. They must collide with enough energy to overcome the activation energy.
3. They must collide with the proper orientation of each molecule.
What is the Collision Theory?
law that states: if a reaction can be described as a series of steps, the ∆H for the overall reaction is simply the sum of the ∆H values for all the steps
What is Hess's Law?
Enough base has been added to convert exactly half of the acid into conjugate base
Concentration of acid is equal to the conjugate base (pH=pKa)
What is the half-way point?
Theory that states that with an ideal gas, the kinetic energy of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its absolute temperature. The greater the temperature the greater the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules.
Kinetic Molecular Theory
The two solubility rules
What are compounds with alkali metal cation or an ammonium cation are always soluble and compounds with a nitrate anion are always soluble
Formula for the temperature dependence of reaction rates; ln k=(-Ea/R)(1/T)+ln A
What is the Arrhenius equation?
The reaction:
K>1
Products are favored
E is positive
What is thermodynamically favorable?
Product of the molar concentrations of dissociated ions in solution at saturation, where each ion is raised to the power of its stoichiometric coefficient
What is the Solubility Product?