Matter & Measurements
This physical state of matter has a specific volume but takes the shape of its container.
What is a liquid?
The smallest and lightest subatomic particle found in atoms.
What is the electron?
The name of PCl₃ is this.
What is phosphorus trichloride?
The principle that arranges elements in the periodic table by increasing atomic number.
What is the periodic law?
In this type of reaction, a single compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances.
What is decomposition?
When recording measurements, these digits include all certain digits plus one estimated digit.
What are significant figures?
Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
What are isotopes?
The formula weight (in g/mol) of ammonium sulfate, (NH₄)₂SO₄, rounded to the nearest integer.
What is 132 g/mol?
This 3rd period element will form a 2+ ion to achieve a stable electron configuration.
What is magnesium?
The process where a solid separates from a solution during a chemical reaction.
What is precipitation?
A combination of sand, salt, and water is an example of this type of mixture.
What is a heterogeneous mixture?
In Rutherford's gold foil experiment, the unexpected deflection of alpha particles led to the discovery of this.
What is the nucleus?
The formula for the polyatomic ion sulfate.
What is SO₄²⁻?
The family of elements that includes F, Cl, Br, I, and At.
What are the halogens?
In the reaction between HNO₃ and KOH, these ions do not participate in the reaction.
What are K⁺ and NO₃⁻? (spectator ions)
This metal has a density of 22.6 g/cm³ and is one of the densest naturally occurring elements.
What is osmium?
The number of neutrons in an atom of xenon-132.
What is 78? (132 - 54 = 78)
This is the number of molecules in 48.2 g of methane (CH₄).
What is 1.81 × 10²⁴ molecules?
Of the elements F, O, N, B, and Li, this one has the most negative electron affinity.
What is fluorine?
The loss of electrons during a chemical reaction is known as this.
What is oxidation?
The process where water vapor changes directly to solid ice without passing through the liquid state.
What is deposition?
This quantum number defines the shape of an orbital.
What is the angular momentum quantum number (l)?
The empirical formula of a compound that contains 27.0% S, 13.4% O, and 59.6% Cl by mass.
What is SOCl₂?
When moving from left to right across a period in the periodic table, atomic radius generally shows this trend.
What is decreasing?
In the combustion of ammonia: 4NH₃ + 7O₂ → 4NO₂ + 6H₂O, ammonia undergoes this process.
What is oxidation?