The solid form is ice, the liquid form is water, and the gas form is water vapor or steam.
100
What are the columns in the periodic table called?
They are called groups.
100
Do the steps of the scientific method need to be followed in order? Explain.
No. The scientific method is a cycle so you can repeat steps or do a few and then track back to an earlier step. There is no set order.
200
What is density?
Density is the amount of matter an object has per unit of volume. Density = mass / volume.
200
What charges do electrons, protons, and neutrons have?
Electrons have a negative charge, protons have a positive charge, and neutrons have no charge.
200
How are solids different from liquids?
Solids have a fixed shape. Liquids take the shape of their containers. (Note: both have a fixed volume.) Also, the molecules that make up solids move less and more slowly than the molecules that make up liquids.
200
What do all the elements in a row have in common with each other?
They have the same number of electron shells.
200
What is an independent variable?
The variable that you change between trials.
300
What are the SI units for mass, weight, volume, and density?
Grams for mass, newtons for weight, liters for volume, and grams per milliliter for density.
300
Where does the word "atom" come from?
Atom derives from the Ancient Greek word "atomos," which means uncuttable or indivisible. Democritus thought that the atom could not be divided into smaller parts.
300
How are liquids different from gases?
Liquids have a fixed volume. Gases take the volume of their container. Also, the molecules in liquid don't move as much or as quickly as the molecules in gases.
300
What does an element’s atomic number tell you about the structure of that element?
It tells you how many protons the element has in its nucleus.
300
What are the six steps in a lab write-up (in order)?
Mass is the measure of how much matter is in an object. Weight is the measure of the downward force an object exerts and is based on gravity. Mass doesn't change, weight changes depending on the force of gravity.
400
Describe the Rutherford experiment.
Rutherford fired alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil and observed how those particles interacted with the foil. Most of the particles passed straight through the foil indicating that atoms have a lot of space in them. Some particles ricocheted off the foil indicating that there must be a positively charged center of mass in the atom. We now know that to be the atom.
400
Give two examples of a physical change and two examples of a chemical change.
Answers vary.
400
What is the difference between a covalent and ionic bond?
A covalent bond is where two atoms share electrons in their outer shells. An ionic bond is when one atom takes an electron from another atom, creating one positively charged ion and one negatively charged ion. The two ions are then bonded due to their electrostatic attraction.
400
What are three ways you can present data in your lab write-up?
You can create a table, make a graph or chart, or write observations.
500
What did Archimedes discover when he was in the bathtub?
He discovered a way to determine the volume of an irregular shaped object, that objects displace their volume with an equal volume of water.
500
Give an example of how a scientific model changed over time.
Answers vary but one example is how scientists view of the shape of the earth shifted from the earth being flat, to the earth being a perfect sphere, to the earth being an oblate spheroid.
500
What state of matter is lightning?
Lightning is a plasma.
500
When a Halogen (elements whose outer shell is 1 electron short of being full) bonds with an element in the alkali group (elements whose outer shell has 1 electron), what type of bond is likely to result?
An ionic bond.
500
What are the three characteristics of a formal hypothesis?
1. Formal hypotheses are statements, never questions.
2. Formal hypotheses are testable.
3. Formal hypotheses should be in the form of an if-then statement.