When a bond is formed through the transfer of electrons between atoms.
100
How are elements arranged on the periodic table?
By increasing atomic number.
100
What is the difference between an endothermic reaction and an exothermic reaction?
Endothermic reactions take energy in and exothermic reactions release energy.
200
When do acids and bases neutralize?
When they are combined.
200
What are the only part of an atom that make chemical bonds?
valence electrons.
200
How many electrons fill the outermost energy level of most atoms?
8
200
How do you know how many protons are in an atom?
The atomic number tells you.
200
What two substances are left when an acid and a base neutralize each other?
Water and salt.
300
If a substance is acidic, where will it fall on the pH scale?
Below 7.
300
Why can carbon form many different compounds?
It has superior bonding ability.
300
How is a hydronium atom formed?
A hydrogen ion bonds with a water molecule.
300
Which six elements make up most of the molecules in the human body?
Hint: the first two are carbon and hydrogen, what are the other four?
Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous
300
What is true about a substances melting point?
It is the same as its freezing point.
400
Describe what happens to the molecules of a strong base in water.
All of the molecules of the acid break apart.
400
How many atoms can 1 carbon atom bond with?
Four.
400
What has the least amount of mass in an atom?
Electrons
400
What are the elements to the RIGHT of the zig zag line on the periodic table?
Nonmetals
400
What is the charge of an Aluminum (Al) ion that has 13 protons and 10 electrons?
+3
500
What kind of ions are increased in an acidic solution?
Hydronium ions.
500
What is the difference between a compound and a mixture?
Each substance in a COMPOUND loses it's individual characteristics and becomes something new.
A mixture maintains each substance as they are, they just appear to be combined.
500
One characteristic of an ionic compound is that it conducts electricity. What are the other 3 characteristics?
Brittle, dissolves in water, has a high melting point.
500
Elements along the zig zag line are called...
metalloids
500
State the three states of matter and tell me something unique about each one from your study guide.
Solid- particles vibrate in place, holds it's shape regardless of container.
liquid-maintains constant volume
gas- particles move quickly and fill whatever container they are in