Atomic structure
Which subatomic particle has a positive charge?
Proton
What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?
2
What are the products of a acid-metal reaction?
Salt + Hydrogen gas
What is the pH range of acids?
<7
What are the starting substances in a chemical reaction called?
What are the substances formed in a reaction called?
Reactants
Products
Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom?
The nucleus
What is the electron configuration of an atom with 11 electrons?
2, 8, 1
What type of reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base?
Neutralisation
Which ion do acids contribute to the products?
Hydrogen ion (H⁺)
Identify the reactants and products in this equation:
Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂
Reactants: Magnesium (Mg) and hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Products: Magnesium chloride (MgCl₂) and hydrogen gas (H₂)
An atom has 10 protons and 12 neutrons. What is its mass number?
22
Will an atom with the configuration 2,8,7 form a cation or an anion?
Anion
What gas is produced when an acid reacts with a carbonate?
Carbon dioxide
A solution has a pH of 3. Describe two properties you would expect this solution to have.
It is acidic (pH < 7)
It may have a sour taste / conduct electricity / turn blue litmus red/ corrosive
Is this equation balanced?
H₂ + O₂ → H₂O
No
An atom has an atomic number of 8. How many protons does it have?
8
Why do atoms gain or lose electrons?
To achieve a full outer shell (stability)
Why does fizzing occur when vinegar reacts with baking soda?
Due to the production of carbon dioxide gas
Give one property of an acid and one property of a base.
Acid: sour taste, low pH, conducts electricity, corrosive
Base: bitter taste, high pH, slippery/soapy
Balance this equation:
H₂ + O₂ → H₂O
2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O
How do you calculate the number of neutrons in an atom?
mass number - atomic number
Magnesium has the configuration 2,8,2. What ion will it form?
Mg²⁺
What type of reaction is this: fuel + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water?
Complete combustion
How do indicators help identify acids and bases?
They change colour depending on pH
What is the difference between complete and incomplete combustion?
Complete: produces CO₂ and water (enough oxygen)
Incomplete: produces CO or carbon (not enough oxygen)