Ionic Bonds
What two types of elements form ionic bonds?
Metals and non-metals
What types of elements form covalent bonds?
Non-metals and non-metals
What type of elements form metallic bonds?
Metals and metals
What does “conservation of mass” mean in a chemical reaction?
The total mass stays the same before and after the reaction.
What is the chemical symbol for oxygen?
O
What happens to electrons when an ionic bond forms?
Electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal.
What happens to electrons when a covalent bond forms?
Electrons are shared between atoms.
What is meant by a “sea of electrons”?
Electrons move freely among metal atoms, not stuck to any one atom.
If you mix two chemicals together, what happens to the total amount of atoms before and after the reaction?
The total number of atoms stays the same—they are just rearranged.
What’s the loudest animal in the world?
The blue whale (its calls can reach up to 188 decibels)
What is the name for a positively charged ion?
Cation
Name a common molecule with covalent bonds.
Water (H₂O), carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), etc.
Why are metals good conductors of electricity?
The free-moving electrons allow electricity to flow easily.
If you mix vinegar and baking soda in a sealed container, what would happen to the total mass?
It stays the same (conservation of mass).
If you dropped a hammer and a feather on the Moon, what would happen?
They’d hit the ground at the same time because there’s no air resistance.
How does sodium chloride (NaCl) form an ionic bond?
Sodium (metal) gives an electron to chlorine (non-metal); opposite charges attract.
Why doesn’t table salt (NaCl) have covalent bonds?
It’s formed from a metal and non-metal (sodium and chlorine), so it forms ionic bonds.
Name one property of metals caused by metallic bonds.
They are malleable, ductile, shiny, or conduct heat/electricity.
What is meant by the phrase "we are all made of stardust"?
It means that the atoms found in our bodies and everything on Earth were created in stars long ago. After stars exploded, their atoms spread throughout space and eventually became part of planets, people, and everything around us.
What is the world’s fastest-growing plant?
Bamboo (can grow up to 90 cm in one day)
Describe the structure of an ionic compound.
A regular pattern (lattice) of positive and negative ions held together by strong electrostatic forces.
Explain why oxygen gas (O₂) needs a double bond between two oxygen atoms.
Each oxygen atom needs two more electrons to complete its outer shell, so they share two pairs of electrons (a double bond).
Explain how metallic bonds make metals malleable.
The atoms can slide past each other while the sea of electrons holds them together, allowing metals to be bent or shaped without breaking.
Explain how balancing chemical equations shows conservation of mass.
The number of each type of atom is the same on both sides of the equation, so no atoms are lost or gained.
Name all the planets in our solar system in order from the Sun.
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune