Chapter 6
What is electronegativity?
The strength with which an atom attracts electrons
How many valence electrons does nitrogen have?
What type of bond are all single bonds?
Sigma
What is stronger: Intramolecular or Intermolecular attractions
Intramolecular Attractions
What is the abbreviation for the unit "milliliters." (Capitalization matters)
mL
What type of element is oxygen?
Nonmetal
What are valence electrons.
Electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom. They participate in chemistry.
What is covalent bonding?
The attraction of two atoms due to sharing one or more pairs of electrons.
What is VSEPR theory?
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory tells us how the repulsion of electrons conforms molecules into different 3D shapes.
Hydrogen bonding occurs between H and what 3 other elements?
N , O , F
What type of element is chromium?
Metal
What is the octet rule?
Electrons will gain, lose, or share valence electrons to try to have 8 in their outer shell. (Like a noble gas)
What is the hybridization of an atom that has formed 4 single bonds? Example (Methane - CH4)
What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?
Ionic bonds involve the complete loss or gain of electrons, while covalent bonds involve the sharing of electrons.
What is the Aufbau Principle?
A rule of electron configuration that states electrons fill orbitals from lowest to highest energy. (Building Up)
Rank these elements in order of increasing electronegativity: As, Sb, N, P
N , P , As , Sb
What is ionic bonding.
The attraction between oppositely charged ions as a result of gaining or losing electrons.
What is the difference between a sigma bond and a pi bond?
Sigma bonds overlap in a direct line with the bonding atoms. Pi bonds overlap out of line of the two atoms.
What is ionization energy?
The energy required to remove an electron from an atom.
What is hybridization.
During covalent bonding s and p orbitals will blend together to form a new "hybridized" orbital type.
Rank these elements in order of increasing size: F , O , C , Li
F , O , C , Li
What is metallic bonding?
What is a dipole attraction?
A type of intramolecular attraction due to the uneven sharing of electrons creating a partial + and partial - region.
What is Hund's Rule
A rule of electron configuration stating that electrons must singly fill each sublevel before doubling up.
What is Pauli's Exclusion Principle.
A rule of electron configuration that states electrons pair in sublevels with opposite spinl