Vocabulary 1
The elements located in the S-block and the P-block of the periodic table are called what?
What is main group elements?
Elements in groups 3-12 of the periodic table
What are transition metals?
General formula is AX --> A + X
What is decomposition reaction?
2s22p4
Period 2
Block p
Group 16
Be
Be2+
Cation
Name and type of bond: N2O5
Dinitrogen pentoxide
Covalent
sulfate
SO4
CovalentElements in the modern periodic table are arranged according to what?
What is their atomic number?
An atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge.
What is an ion?
Elements that have properties similar to both metals and nonmetals; also, semiconductors.
What are metalloids?
3s1
Period 3
Block s
Group 1
Li
Li+
Cation
Name and type of bond: LiBr
Lithium Bromide
Ionic
dinitrogen monoxide
N2O
Covalent
In this reaction a substance combines with oxygen, releasing a large amount of energy in the form of light and heat.
What is a combustion reaction?
The simplest collection of atoms from which an ionic compounds formula can be written.
What is a formula unit?
General formula A + BX --> B + AX
What is single-displacement reaction?
4s23d104p2
Period 4
Block P
Group 14
P
P3-
Anion
Name and type of bond: KCl
potassium choloride
ionic
MgCl2
Ionic
A neutral group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.
What is a molecule?
The maximum amount of product that can be produced from a given amount of reactant
What is a theoretical yield?
Electrons located in the highest principal energy level in an atom that are available to be gained, lost, or shared.
What are valence electrons?
4s23d1
Period 4
Block D
Group 3
I
I-
Anion
Name and type of bond: MgCl3
magnesium chloride
ionic
carbon disulfide
CS2
Covalent
A chemical bond that results from the attraction between metal atoms and the surrounding sea of electrons.
What is a metallic bond?
Elements in group 2 of the periodic table
What are alkaline earth metals?
A group of covalently bonded atoms that have a charge
What is a polyatomic ion?
3s23p1
Period 3
Block P
Group 13
S
S2-
anion
Name and type of bond: PCl3
Phosphorus trichloride
Covalent
Oxygen difluoride
OF2
Covalent
This item is composed of positive and negative ions that are combined so that the numbers of positive and negative charges are equal.
What is an ionic compound?
General formula is AX + BY --> AY + BX
What is double-displacement reaction?
Unreactive elements in group 18 on the periodic table
What are noble gases?
4s23d104p5
Period 4
Block P
Group 17
Na
Na+
Cation
Name and type of bond: SCl6
sulfur hexachloride
covalent
zinc nitrate
Ionic
With symbols and formulas this represents the identities and the relative molecular or molar amounts of the reactants and products of a chemical reaction.
What is a chemical equation?
Predicts the geometric shape of molecules.
What is VSEPR theory?
Elements in group 1 on the periodic table
What are Alkali metals?
5s24d2
Period 5
Block D
Group 4
Ca
Ca2+
Cation
Name and type of bond: ZnSO4
zinc sulfate
ionic
Aluminum hydroxide
Al(OH)3
Ionic
In this reaction two compounds exchange ions in an aqueous solution to form two new compounds.
What is a double displacement reaction?
Involves the mass relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction.
What is composition stoichiometry?
Two nonmetals bonded together.
What is a covalent compound?
5s24d105p2
Period: 5
Block: p
Group: 14
As
As3-
anion
Name and type of bond: KMnO4
Potassium permanganate
Ionic
carbon dioxide
CO2
Covalent
Ions formed from a single ion
What is a monatomic ion?
Highly reactive elements in group 17 on the periodic table.
What are Halogens?
These indicate the number of molecules of each substance that reacts
What is the coefficient in a chemical equation?
7s25f146d107p5
Period: 7
Block: p
Group: 17
Al
Al3+
Cation
Name and type of bond: CaCO3
Calcium Carbonate
Ionic
dinitrogen tetroxide
N2O4
Covalent
General formula is A + X --> AX
What is a synthesis reaction?
The principle that states that atoms tend to form compounds in which each atom has 8 electrons in its highest occupied energy level
What is the Octet rule?
The reactant that restricts the amount of the other reactant that can combine and the amount of product that can form in a chemical reaction is called this.
What is a limiting reactant?
6s2
Period:6
Block:S
Group:2
F
F-
Anion
Phosphorus pentachloride
Covalent
Nitrogen monoxide
NO
Covalent