Energy Transfer
What type of energy transfer occurs when heat moves through direct contact between particles?
Conduction
What is the goal of the berm or microbead solutions?
To reduce or counteract the effects of climate change
What happens when two objects are rubbed together?
Electrons transfer. Static charge forms — one object becomes positive, the other negative.
What are the three main subatomic particles of an atom?
Protons, neutrons, and electrons.
According to Coulomb’s Law, what happens to the force between two charges when the distance between them increases?
The force decreases (inversely proportional to the square of the distance).
Which process causes warm air/water to rise and cool air/water to sink?
Convection
Why would covering ice with glass microbeads help slow melting?
They reflect sunlight, reducing heat absorption and slowing melting.
What subatomic particle is transferred during static charging?
Electrons
What determines the element’s identity?
The number of protons.
What is the equation for Coulomb’s Law?
F = k (q₁q₂ / r²)
The Sun warms Earth mainly through which form of energy transfer?
Radiation
What is one possible negative consequence of using microbeads?
Beads could alter local ecosystems
What happens when atoms become polarized?
The electrons shift within the atom
How do particles in a solid differ from those in a liquid?
Solid particles are tightly packed and vibrate; liquid particles move more freely and slide past each other.
If you double the distance between two charges, how does the force change?
It becomes one-fourth as strong.
When ice melts, what happens to the motion and energy of water molecules?
They vibrate faster and bump into each other, transferring energy.
What type of energy transfer does the berm primarily aim to control?
Conduction
When a balloon sticks to a wall after being rubbed on hair, what type of charge interaction is happening?
Electrostatic attraction between charged balloon and polarized wall.
Why does NaCl dissolve in water?
The Na and Cl form positive and negative ions that are attracted to the partial positive and negative ends of the water molecules.
Sphere A has +3 μC and Sphere B has –2 μC, separated by 0.5 m. What type of force exists between them?
Attractive force (opposite charges attract).
In a closed system, when hot and cold water are mixed, why does the total thermal energy remain constant?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Do you think the berm would work everywhere? Justify your answer scientifically.
It depends on the volume and temperature of the water entering a glacier system
Is water permanently polar? What evidence do you have to support your claim.
Yes, because we see water droplets attract each other, indicating a difference in charge.
How do the arrangement and motion of electrons relate to a material’s conductive and thermal properties?
Molecules with free electrons allow the movement of electrons and the flow of electricity. Molecules without free electrons vibrate in place, causing the molecules to heat up.
How do electric fields explain the force observed between charged objects?
A charge creates an electric field that exerts a force on other charges within that field.