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Matter
Atomic Structure
EM Spectrum and Nuclear Chemistry
The Periodic Table
pOTPOURRI
100
Is density a physical or chemical property? Is density extensive or intensive?
Density is a physical property. Density is an intensive property.
100
Identify the following element: three fewer electrons in the fourth energy level than krypton
Arsenic
100
When comparing ultraviolet and infrared radiation, which has higher frequency, larger wavelength, and higher energy?
Ultraviolet has higher frequency and energy. Infrared has a larger wavelength.
100
List the families and number of valence electrons for each found on the periodic table.
Alkali Metals: 1 Alkaline Earth Metals: 2 Transitions Metals: Variable Halogens: 7 Noble Gases: 8
100

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200
Otis was examining separation processes. In his attempts to separate the sodium and chlorine in salt he attempted numerous methods including filtering, decanting, evaporation, and distillation. All of these attempts fail for a variety of reasons. What is the most likely explanation for why these attempts failed?
Sodium chloride is a compound that can be separated only through a chemical reaction.
200
What did the following scientists contribute to the development of atomic theory: Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr
Dalton: Postulates of Atomic Theory Thomson: Discovered electron, used plum pudding model Rutherford: Discovered positively charged nucleus, Used gold foil and detector ring Bohr: Discovered electrons reside in energy levels with discrete amounts of energy
200

Marie Curie, the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first person to win two Nobel prizes, later died as a result of exposure to the radioactivity she spent her life researching. Which form of radioactive decay has the highest penetrating power or frequency?

Gamma Radiation

200
By the late 1800's, scientific research had developed to the point that Dmitri Mendeleev published a periodic table using what properties to order elements?
Elements were shown in vertical columns of similar chemical and physical properties and rows ordered by increasing mass.
200

Recite the pledge of allegiance

results may vary

300
Are changes of state a physical or chemical change? Describe the difference between a physical and chemical change.
Physical change. A chemical change changes the chemical composition of the original substance.
300
How many valence electrons does the following element have: [Kr]5s2 4d10 5p5 What family is this element in?
7, Halogens
300

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300

When it is cold outside, you purchase a hand warmer. It uses the energy from iron inside of it to warm up your hands. What type of energy transformation is this.

chemical --> thermal

300

the action of dividing or splitting nuclei into two or more parts

fission

400
When compared to solids and liquids, gases are more or less compressible? Why is this?
Gases are more compressible because the particles are further apart.
400
Identify the following element: [Ar]4s2 3d3
Vanadium
400

List the regions of the EM spectrum in order of increasing wavelength (include the colors of the visible spectrum)

Gamma rays, ultraviolet, visible light (violet, blue, green, yellow, orange, red) infrared, radio waves

400
For the pair of atoms, which has the largest radius and greatest electronegativity: Aluminum and Indium
Aluminum has the greatest electronegativity Indium has the largest radius
400

Which scientist did the gold foil experiment to discover the alpha particle.

Ernest Rutherford

500
When sample X is passed through a filter paper, a white residue (Y), remains on the filter paper and a clear liquid (Z) passes through. When the liquid is vaporized, another white residue remains. Starting sample X is best classified as a:
A heterogeneous mixture.
500
Element X has two naturally occurring isotopes: 1) 78.91 amu, 50.75% abundance 2) 80.92 amu, 49.25% abundance Calculate the average atomic mass for element X. Identify element X.
79.90 amu, Bromine
500
Provide balanced nuclear reactions for each of the following: 1) the alpha decay of Polonium-208. 2) the beta decay of Potassium-40. 3) the gamma decay of Cobalt-60.
1) Lead-204 + alpha particle 2) Calcium-40 + beta particle 3) Cobalt-60 + energy
500

Order the following elements from least reactive to  which is most reactive: Sodium Magnesium Potassium

Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium

500

This is the lewis dot for which element?

X•

anything in group 1