The Atom
This particle has a positive charge and is found in the nucleus.
What is a proton?
These outermost electrons determine how atoms bond.
What are valence electrons?
This type of reaction builds larger molecules from smaller ones.
What is a synthesis reaction?
This process removes water to join molecules together.
What is dehydration synthesis?
This type of bond forms when electrons are transferred between atoms.
What is an ionic bond?
This particle is neutral and also found in the nucleus.
What is a neutron?
An atom that loses electrons becomes this type of ion.
What is a cation?
This type of reaction breaks larger molecules into smaller ones.
What is a decomposition reaction?
This process uses water to break molecules apart.
What is hydrolysis?
This type of bond forms when atoms share electrons.
What is a covalent bond?
This negatively charged particle orbits the nucleus.
What is an electron?
An atom that gains electrons becomes this type of ion.
What is an anion?
This type of reaction involves swapping atoms between molecules.
What is an exchange reaction?
These biological catalysts speed up reactions.
What are enzymes?
This type of covalent bond shares electrons equally.
What is a nonpolar covalent bond?
The number of protons in an atom defines this property.
What is the atomic number?
Sodium (Na) tends to form this type of ion in bonding. (hint= loses)
What is Na⁺ (a cation)?
These reactions build complex molecules and require energy input.
What are anabolic reactions?
Enzymes lower this barrier so reactions happen faster.
What is activation energy?
This type of covalent bond shares electrons unequally.
What is a polar covalent bond?
Together, protons and neutrons make up this.
What is the atomic mass?
Chlorine (Cl) tends to form this type of ion in bonding. (hint=gains)
What is Cl⁻ (an anion)?
These reactions break down molecules and release energy.
What are catabolic reactions?
The specific shape on an enzyme where a substrate binds. (hint= ___ site)
What is the active site?
These weak bonds are important for water’s properties and DNA structure.
What are hydrogen bonds?