GASES
What gas law states that pressure and volume are inversely related?
Boyle’s Law
What are the three common states of matter?
Solid, liquid, and gas
What theory explains how reactions happen when particles collide?
Collision Theory
What type of mixture has a uniform composition throughout?
Homogeneous mixture
What type of reaction releases heat energy?
Exothermic
What happens to the volume of a gas when temperature increases at constant pressure?
The volume increases.
What phase change occurs when a liquid turns into a gas?
Vaporization
What happens to reaction rate when temperature increases?
The reaction rate increases.
What is the solvent in salt water?
Water
What does the law of conservation of energy state?
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
A gas has a volume of 2.0 L at 300 K. What will the volume be at 600 K if pressure stays constant?
4.0 L
Why are gases easier to compress than liquids?
Gas particles are farther apart.
What is the minimum energy needed for a reaction to occur called?
Activation energy
What is molarity measured in?
Moles per liter (mol/L)
What happens to temperature during an endothermic reaction?
Temperature decreases because heat is absorbed.
Which combined gas law variable must stay constant for Boyle’s Law to work?
Temperature
What intermolecular force is strongest: dispersion, dipole-dipole, or hydrogen bonding?
Hydrogen bonding
Why does crushing a solid increase reaction rate?
It increases surface area, causing more collisions.
If 10 g of salt dissolves in 90 g of water, what is the percent by mass of salt?
10%
Which has more energy: water vapor or liquid water?
Water vapor
A gas occupies 3.0 L at 1.0 atm and 300 K. What volume will it occupy at 2.0 atm and 600 K?
3.0 L
Explain why water has a high surface tension.
Strong hydrogen bonds between water molecules create high surface tension.
How does a catalyst speed up a chemical reaction?
It lowers the activation energy.
A solution contains 2 moles of solute in 0.5 liters of solution. What is the molarity?
4 M
How much heat is needed to raise 50 g of water from 20°C to 30°C? (Specific heat = 4.18 J/g°C)
2090 J