Periodic table
What are the horizontal and vertical lines on the periodic table called?
groups and periods
What two things does light behave as?
a wave and particle
How many electrons can be in one orbital?
2
Which atom would have a larger atomic radius,
S or Cl?
S
Who came up with the first periodic table?
Dmitri Mendeleev
What is group 2 known as?
alkaline metals
What is the difference between ground state and excited state?
when an atom's electrons are in their lowest energy orbitals, it is the ground state
when electrons absorb energy and move to a higher energy orbital, it is the excited state
In what two ways can an electron "spin"?
Up or down
Order the following atoms in order of their increasing size:
S, S-2, O
O < S < S-2
What type of ion do nonmetals ionize to make?
anions
What group does chlorine (Cl) belong to?
On the electromagnetic spectrum, how are frequency, wavelength, and energy related?
higher frequency = higher energy (direct)
longer wavelength = lower energy (inverse)
Using the periodic table, what would the last subshell be in the electron configuration for phosphorous (P)?
3p3
Which atom on the periodic table would be the most difficult to remove an atom from?
Fluorine (F)
What is the difference between core and valence electrons?
Core electrons are electrons in full shells, while valence shells are out the outermost shell that is only partially filled
Based on the group Boron is in (B), what would its oxidation state be?
+3
How many orbitals are in the following subshells?
s, p, d, f
1, 3, 5, 7
What is Pauli's exclusion principle?
no two electrons can occupy the same quantum state; two electrons in the orbital will spin in different ways
What is the difference between electron affinity and ionization energy?
ionization energy is the energy it takes to remove a ground state electron, while electron affinity is the amount of energy released when an electron is added to a ground state atom
Name 3 properties of metals.
high electrical and thermal conductivity
malleable
ductile
luster (shiny)
Name the nonmetals that are in the 2nd period of the periodic table.
Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Neon
Describe the two ways that atoms can possess energy.
kinetic energy - movement and vibration of the atoms
energy in the electrons - the electrons absorb quanta of energy and jump to higher energy levels
What would the condensed electron configuration be for As-3?
[Ar]4s23d104p6
What is atomic shielding and how does it affect electronegativity?
It is when the electrons in lower shells shield the outermost electrons from the positive pull of the protons
In electronegativity (how bad an atom wants electrons), the more shielding there is, the less the electrons are attracted to the nucleus (lower electronegativity)
How is Hydrogen a unique element on the periodic table?
It usually ionizes to form a cation with a +1 charge like other alkali metals, but behaves more like a halogen, can bond with itself, and is able to make an anion