Atom Models
The 3 points John Dalton made regarding atoms in 1803
1. All substances are made of atoms, which cannot be created or destroyed.
2. All atoms of the same element are exactly alike
3. Atoms join together to make new substances
The result of a metal + non-metal bonding
Metal loses electrons, becomes positive (cation)
Non-metal gains electrons, becomes negative (anion)
Where is Covalent bonding common?
In Non-mettalic elements and non metal compounds
Properties of ionic compounds
- Made up of a metal and a non-metal
- High melting and boiling points
- conduct electricity as liquids, not as solids
- often dissolve in water
How to calculate empirical formula
1. mass / RAM
2. divide both by the smallest
3. Find the ratio
What was the name given to J.J Thompson's atomic model of atoms.
An atom or group of atoms that is positively or negatively charged
What is an ion?
Name an example of a large covalent structure
Diamond, silicon oxide
Properties of simple molecular structures
- Low melting and boiling points
- They do not conduct electricity
- Many are insoluble, others aren't
mass of solute / volume
What was the machine used by Thomson that was the basis of his model
A cathode-ray-tube
A large structure of ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces
An ionic compound (in lattice shape)
Strong
Properties of Metal
- insoluble in water (some may react)
- high melting and boiling points
- conduct heat and electricity
What is avargardo's number
6.02 x 1023
What experiment did Rutherford conduct that proved that atoms are made up of mostly empty space?
He shot a beam of positively charged particles at a sheet of gold foil
What happens to each group during ionic bonding?
G1 (M) - lose 1 electron, form +1 ion
G2 (M) - lose 2 electron, form +2 ion
G6 (NM) - gain 2 electron, form -2 ion
G7 (NM) - gain 1 electron, form - 1 ion
Properties of Diamond and Graphite
DIAMOND
- High melting point
- does not conduct electricity
GRAPHITE -
- Soft and slippery
- can conduct electricity
The relative charge and mass of each component of the atom
Proton - +1/1
Neutron - 0/1
Electron - -1 / 1/1836
Atomic = Proton Number
Nucleon = Proton + Neutron
Properties of Giant Covalent Structures
- very high melting points
- some conduct electricity