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Lesson#1 : Definition of chemistry, branches and type of research
Lesson#2: Classification of matter
Lesson # 3: Properties of matter
Lesson # 4: Scientific Method
Lesson # 5: Laws, Theories, and Models.
100
What is chemistry?
Chemistry is the study of all substances and the changes that they can undergo.
100
What is mixtures ?
Combination of two substances in such a way that no chemical reaction occurs between the components and you can separate them again.
100
What are the states of matter?
-solid: the state with a definite shape and volume, the molecues are very close. -liquid: the sate with a definite volume but not a definite shape; the molecules are free flowing. -gas: the state that does not have a definite shape or volume; molecules are very far apart.
100
What is scientific method?
logical approach to solving problems.
100
What is law?
a statement that can't be changed over time; represented by many different observations
200
What are the 3 types of research and their definition?
-Basic: for increasing your knowledge like, how and why a specific reaction occurs. -Applied: Carried out to solve a problem. -Technological: Productions that improve our quality of life.
200
What is pure substances?
Single type material. Compounds: Can be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means (like electrolysis), always in a definite ratio. Elements: cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical changes.
200
What is chemical property?
indicates how a substance reacts with something else; the original substance is changesd in observing a chemical property.
200
What is observation, hypothesis, and formalized hypothesis?
observation: information collected by a common sense; leads to stating the problem. hypothesis: testable statement; educated guess formalized hypothesis: if............. then...............
200
What is theory?
a qualified hypothesis that explains why something happens
300
What are the 6 branches of chemistry, and their definition?
- Organic Chemistry: organic containing compounds, mostly including carbon. - Inorganic chemistry: study of non-organic containing substances. - Physical chemistry: Study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy. - Analytical Chemistry: Identification of components and composition of materials. - Biochemistry: Study of substances and processes occurring in living things. - Theoretical chemistry: The use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior.
300
What is are the types of mixtures?
Homogeneous mixture -1 phase -uniform properties in a sample -same composition in a sample ex: sugar and water Heterogeneous mixture -2 or more phases (with same or different physical states) -each phase has different properties ex: oil and water, sand and water
300
What is physical property?
observed with senses and can be determined without destroying the object.
300
What is experiment, analysis, and conclusion?
experiment: carefully devised procedure for making observations, gathering, organizing, and interpreting data. analysis: interpret data collected. conclusion: draw graphs and tables to get a conclusion.
300
What is models?
pattern, plan, representation, or description designed to show the structure of working of an object, system or concept.
400
Give examples for the 3 types of research.
Technological : computers, ipads, cars. Applied: Development of new refrigerants. Basic: the study of properties of gold.
400
Simply organize a flowchart.
matter mixture pure substances heterogeneous homogeneous element compounds l atoms
400
What is chemical change?
new substance produced; milk sours, decompose, reactions.
400
What is independent variable and dependent variable?
independent: the applied variable, what you are changing. dependent: what you are observing or measuring in both groups.
400
give an example of law theroy and model
law: law of gravity theory: theory of evolution model: a flow chart or concept map.
500
Give examples for each of the 6 branches of chemistry.
Organic: photosynthesis of a plant leaf. Inorganic:acids, bases and salts Physical: substance would melt, burn or explode when exposed to heat. Analytical: CSI Biochemistry: Enzymes, digestion, blood clotting and cellular respiration. Theoretical: use of computer or calculator or math equatios on studies.
500
What is colloid and suspension?
Colloid -heterogeneous - medium-sized particles - Tyndall effect - particles don’t settle EX: milk Suspension -heterogeneous - large particles - Tyndall effect - particles settle EX: fresh-squeezed lemonade
500
What is physical change?
original substance exists, only changes in form; melting, dissolving, slicing.
500
What is control group, experimental group, and constant factors?
control group: particular sample that is treated the same as all the rest, except that is not exposed to the independent variable. experimental group: the group that will change, or contain the independent variable. constant factors: conditions that won't change in both groups.
500
What was Dalton's theory?
the atomic theroy in 1803 all matter is made of tiny particles called atoms; compunds are formed when atoms are different elements combined in fixed proportions.