Global Warming
These gases in the atmosphere absorb and release energy.
What are greenhouse gases?
In an investigation of how ice location affects water level, this is the factor researchers deliberately change.
What is the ice location?
This property describes how much mass is packed into a given volume.
What is density?
To find out whether a glacier-protection design works like the berm, researchers can collect this kind of evidence about the energy that reaches the ice.
What are measurements of energy reaching the ice in calories?
In the permafrost model, thawing releases carbon dioxide, which can lead to more warming and then more thawing.
What is a positive feedback loop?
Greenhouse gas molecules can absorb and release this kind of energy.
What is radiation or IR?
To find out whether ice location changes the water level, researchers should record the level at these two stages.
What are before and after the ice melts?
If Liquid A has a density of 1.8 g/mL and Liquid B has a lower density, this liquid is more dense.
What is Liquid A?
When comparing glacier-protection designs, researchers should consider effects on organisms, water movement, and people who use this area.
What is the surrounding environment and community?
A feedback that makes the original change stronger, such as warming that leads to more thawing and carbon dioxide release, has this classification.
What is positive feedback loop?
These atmospheric gases increased as Earth’s average temperature rose between 1970 and 2000.
What are greenhouse gases?
To make a fair comparison between floating ice and ice on a dry platform, researchers should keep the container, starting water volume, and this property of the ice the same.
What is the mass of the ice?
Liquid A has a density of 1.8 g/mL, while another liquid has a lower density. If the liquids do not mix, use their densities to predict which one settles at the bottom.
What is Liquid A?
A useful evaluation of a glacier-protection design considers how well it reduces energy reaching the ice, as well as its construction, maintenance, lifespan, and this feature.
What is whether the design can be reversed?
Analyze the permafrost system: identify the initial change, explain how carbon dioxide affects the system, and state why the cycle can continue.
What is warming that causes thawing, carbon dioxide release, and additional warming in a reinforcing positive feedback loop?
Greenhouse gases absorb and release this type of energy, which can travel toward Earth’s surface or escape into space.
What is radiation, heat or IR?
A strong improvement to the ice-location investigation would be to repeat both trials, keep the container, starting water volume, and ice mass the same, and measure water level before and after melting.
These choices improve this aspect of the investigation.
What is the quality of the experimental design?
On a graph where mass is plotted against volume, this property is shown by the slope because it compares mass with volume.
What is density?
A barrier model may show how a barrier blocks moving water, but it leaves out mixing, changing seasonal currents, and heat transfer. These limitations affect how confidently the model can be used to judge this.
What is the design’s effectiveness in the real world?
In this complete sequence, warming thaws permafrost, the thawing releases carbon dioxide, and the added greenhouse gas contributes to further warming.
What is a positive feedback loop?
To evaluate whether the Sun or a change in Earth’s tilt caused warming over a particular time period, scientists compare these possible climate influences (causes) with observed temperature changes.
What are changes in solar output and Earth’s axial tilt?
To make a fair comparison between floating ice and ice on a dry platform, researchers should keep the container, starting water volume, and this property of the ice the same.
What is the mass of the ice?
A sample of Liquid A and a sample of a less-dense liquid are poured into the same container. Explain how their densities predict their arrangement, assuming the liquids do not mix.
What is Liquid A settling beneath the less-dense liquid because its density is greater?
Warm, salty water can move along the bottom of a glacial bay. Its moving particles transfer thermal energy to the glacier, so explaining the process requires connecting water movement with this transfer.
What is heat transfer by moving water, or convection?
A strong improvement to the ice-location investigation would be to repeat both trials, keep the container, starting water volume, and ice mass the same, and measure water level before and after melting. These choices improve this aspect of the investigation.
What is the quality of the experimental design?