Chemistry Unit 2

Cell Transport

100

What moves in osmosis?

Water

200

What type of diffusion requires a protein?

Facilitated Diffusion

300

What organelle are substances transported through?

The cell (plasma) membrane

400

What are the three types of active transport?

Protein pumps, endocytosis, and exocytosis

500

What is it called when a cell drinks? And what is it called when it eats?

Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis 

Carbs

100

What are three functions of carbs?

Quick energy (in animals)

Structure (in plants and insects)

Long-term energy (in plants)

200

What ratio does carbs elements exist in and what are the elements?

C : H : O in a 1 : 2 : 1 ratio

300

Name 3 polysaccharides.

Starch, cellulose, glycogen, ect.

400

Name the polysaccharide used in exoskeletons and fungal cell walls.

Chitin 

500

Sugar is vital for producing energy in a process called cellular respiration. What is the equation, including the name of the energy-containing molecule produced, of chemical respiration? (Don't give me words, I want to see elements)

6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ --> 6H₂O + 6CO₂ + ATP

Lipids

100

Name the two lipid monomers

Fatty acids and glycerol 

200

Name the one function lipids perform in all living organisms 

They make up the cell membranes of all living things

300

Name the type of fat that is solid at room temperature. (Like butter)

Saturated

400

What is the function of cholesterol?

Hormonal regulation, cell membrane shape

500

Plants and ducks both use this lipid for the same thing. What is it and what does it do?

Waxes, used to repel water

Nucleic Acids

100

What function do nucleic acids perform? 

They store genetic information

200

Nucleic Acids contain all elements of life except for?

Sulfur 

300

Name a polymer of nucleic acids

DNA/RNA

400

What are the monomers of nucleic acids called (not the individual names)?

Nucleotides 

500

We have 4 nucleic acid monomers. Name the initials of the nucleic acid monomers and what pairs they make:

C-G

A-T

Proteins

100

What happens to a substrate after being "digested" by an enzyme?

Its bonds are weakened/it is broken down.

200

What bonds to the active site on an enzyme?

The substrate

300

Explain activation energy and how enzymes lower it:

Activation energy is the energy it takes for a reaction to get started, enzymes weaken bonds speeding up the reaction and lowering the activation energy 

400

What THREE things affect enzyme function

pH, temperature, and substrate concentration

500

What do you call the "Highways" of the cell/what nutrients are transported on inside a cell?

Cytoskeleton