(Un)happy Atoms
An atom will either try to EMPTY OUT its outer shell, or FILL in its outer shell
DRAW: The Lewis Dot Structures for the following atoms:
Na and O
WRITE: What kind of bond would these two atoms make with each other? How do you know?
Atoms will be drawn on the board.
These atoms would make an IONIC bond because Na is a weak atom (2 valence electrons) and Oxygen is a strong atom (6 valence electrons).
WRITE: Name 2 things that are important in writing a strong lab procedure.
There are so many!
Clearly marked (and bolded) section headers, numbered steps, underlining the verb (or action), being specific about the amount of chemical to use, telling the reader to RECORD values when necessary.
WRITE: How can you tell from a Lewis Dot Structure if an atom has a LOW, MEDIUM, or HIGH electronegativity?
Low Electronegativity - Mostly empty outer shell (1, 2, or 3 valence electrons)
Medium Electronegativity - Half full outer shell (4 valence electrons, or Hydrogen because it has 1 out of 2 in its shell)
High Electronegativity - Mostly full outer shell (5, 6, or 7 valence electrons)
DRAW: The molecule that would form from the following atoms:
H, H, O
WRITE: What kind of bonds were formed? How do you know?
Water molecule will be drawn on the board.
These atoms will bond with COVALENT bonds because Oxygen is strong, meaning that it will pull strongly on the electrons, but Hydrogen is medium so it will also pull back on the electrons.
WRITE: For an atom that has 9 Protons, 11 Neutrons, and 9 Electrons, write it in Mass Notation and Isotope Notation.
Bonus - WRITE: Would this atom be radioactive? How do you know that it would or wouldn't?
Answers will be written on the board.
Bonus - This Flourine atom would be radioactive because Flourine normally has a mass of 19 amu and this atom has a mass of 20 amu. This means that it has too many neutrons, and will be radioactive.
DRAW: the Lewis Dot Structure for the following atoms:
K, S, B
WRITE : What information do these models show us?
Bonus - WRITE: What is the shortcut to finding out how many electrons to draw?
Atoms will be drawn on the board.
Lewis Dot Structures show us only the valence electrons, so we know whether an atoms will GAIN or LOSE electrons.
Bonus - Count the boxes on the periodic table. Each row represents an electron shell. How far to the right an atom is in its row shows how many valence electrons it has.
DRAW: The Lewis Dot Structures for 4 different atoms that would form covalent bonds with each other. You DO NOT need to actually draw them bonded.
WRITE: What needs to be true about any one of the atoms in order for it to form an ionic bond?
Any atoms with MEDIUM or STRONG electronegativity will form covalent bonds.
In order for an ionic bond to be formed, an atom needs to have a WEAK electronegativity, so that it willingly gives its electrons away.
WRITE: If a silver has a density of 10.5 g/mL, what would be the weight of a silver necklace with a volume of 5 mL?
If silver has a density of 10.5 g/mL, then anything made out of silver has the same density.
10.5 g/mL x 5 mL = 52.5 g
WRITE: Which of the following atoms is the most reactive? How do you know?
Li, B, C, O
Li - Lithium and O - Oxygen are both very reactive because they are both very close to either emptying their outer shell (Li) or filling their outer shell (O).
WRITE: How would the electrons move differently in the following two bonds? How do you know?
H --- H
H --- O
H --- H bond would have the electrons move back and forth 50/50 because the electronegativities are exactly the same.
H --- O bond is still covalent, but O will get the electrons MORE because it is STRONGER, resulting in an uneven share.
Gravity
Electromagnetic
Strong Nuclear
Weak Nuclear