Energy & Phase Changes
This happens to particle energy when a substance melts or vaporizes.
What is increases?
This type of graph shows how temperature changes as heat is added to a substance over time.
What is a heating curve?
Solids with repeating, orderly arrangements of particles.
What are crystalline solids?
Resistance of a liquid to flow.
What is viscosity?
This theory explains matter in terms of particle motion and energy.
What is the kinetic-molecular theory?
Gases have mass, occupy space, and can be easily this.What is compressed?
What is compressed?
During this phase change, temperature stays constant while energy breaks intermolecular forces.
What is melting or boiling?
This phase change occurs at the first plateau of a heating curve.
What is melting?
Solids with no long-range order in particle arrangement.
What are amorphous solids?
The tendency of a liquid’s surface to resist breaking.
What is surface tension?
In liquids, particles are close together but able to do this.
What is slide past one another?
This gas law relates pressure and volume at constant temperature.
What is Boyle’s law?
This phase change releases energy as particles slow down.
What is freezing or condensation?
During this section of a heating curve, particle kinetic energy increases.
What is the sloped regions?
This type of solid conducts electricity when dissolved or molten.
What is an ionic solid?
Increasing intermolecular forces causes viscosity to do this.
What is increase?
Stronger intermolecular forces result in these liquid properties.
What are higher viscosity and surface tension?
This gas law relates temperature and volume at constant pressure.
What is Charles’s law?
Rank the states of matter from lowest to highest average kinetic energy.
What are solids, liquids, gases?
This form of energy changes during a phase change but not temperature.
What is potential energy?
These solids are classified based on intermolecular forces between molecules.
What are molecular solids?
This type of intermolecular force is responsible for water’s unusual properties.
What is hydrogen bonding?
This explains why solids have a fixed shape and volume.
What is particles vibrating in fixed positions?
The mathematical equation that combines pressure, volume, temperature, and moles.
What is PV = nRT?
This explains why adding energy does not always increase temperature during a phase change.
What is energy being used to overcome intermolecular forces?
Identify the major events that occur as a substance moves along a full heating curve.
What are heating solid → melting → heating liquid → boiling → heating gas?
Explain why diamond is extremely hard while graphite, made of the same element, is soft and slippery.
What is the difference in bonding and structure of covalent network solids?
Explain why water has high boiling point, cohesion, and surface tension.
What is strong hydrogen bonding between polar molecules?
Use KMT to explain why heating a liquid lowers its viscosity.
What is increased kinetic energy overcomes intermolecular forces?
State the six postulates of the kinetic-molecular theory of gases.
What explains particle motion, negligible volume, elastic collisions, no IMF, constant motion, and temperature-KE relationship?