Atomic Structure
What are subatomic particles? What are their charges? What are their location in the atom
Protons - Positively charged; in the nucleus
Neutrons - No change; in the nucleus
Electrons - Negatively charged, in the electron cloud
What does it mean to be neutral? What two subatomic particles are equal when an atom is neutral
Neutral - to have no charge
When an atom is neutral number of protons and electrons are equal
How are electrons transferred in covalent, ionic, and metallic bonds?
Covalent - they are shared
Ionic - they are donated by metals and received by nonmetals
Metallic - Sea of electrons
What does it mean to be homogeneous? What does it mean to be heterogeneous?
Homogeneous - Uniform throughout
Heterogeneous - Having distinct layers; not uniform throughout
What is matter?
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What are valence electrons?
Electrons in the outermost ring of an atom
In Hyphen Notation what does the number represent ?
Ex) carbon-12
The atom's atomic mass
What subatomic particles are moving during a chemical reaction? What type?
Electrons, specifically Valence Electrons
What does it mean to be soluble?
Soluble - a substance's ability to dissolve into a solvent.
Are phase changes considered chemical or physical changes? Explain
Physical Change, because you are not changing the identity of a substance as it changes phase.
What's a group, and what does it tell us about an atom's structure?
Group - columns on the periodic table
It tells us the number of valence electrons an element has .
How many neutrons are in Mg? Show and explain your work
12 because its Atomic Mass (24) minus its atomic number(12) is 12
Ultimately, why do atoms create chemical bonds?
To fill their valence shells to become stable.
What are the 2 parts of a solution, and describe what they are?
The solvent and solute make up the solution.
Solvent - does the dissolving
Solute - gets dissolved
It does not. It remains constant during phase changes.
What part of the atom contains all of the volume of an atom?
The electron cloud
Ions differ in the number of __________
Isotopes differ in the number of ___________.
Elements differ in the number of _____________.
1. Electrons
2. Neutrons
3. Protons
A given substance shows the following characteristics after testing. Does it more likely contain ionic or covalent bonds. Explain.
Melting Point - High
Solubility - High
Electrical Conduction - High
Ionic Bonds because a high melting point, high solubility, and high electrical conduction are all characteristics of ionic bonds
I'm digging a hole in my backyard and notice the soil is black at the top and red closer to the bottom of the hole. Is the soil a mixture or a solution? If it's a mixture, is it homogeneous or heterogeneous? Explain.
It's a mixture because nothing is dissolved into it, and it's heterogeneous because it has distinct layers.
Mr. Young mixes white and red paint to create pink paint. Is this a chemical or physical change? Why?
Physical, because the red and white paint are still present, they are just mixed.
On your board, draw the correct Bohr model of Carbon.
It should have a clear nucleus,
8 electrons total
2 in the 1st orbital, and 6 in the 2nd orbital
Explain why, on the periodic table, all of the atomic masses are long decimals.
Ex) Silicon's atomic mass is 28.086
Because the atomic mass on the periodic table is an average of all of the isotopes of a given element
What is electronegativity, and how does it relate to polarity?
Electronegativity is "the tendency or ability to attract electrons," and a greater difference between an atom's electronegativity results in more polar compounds
Out of homogeneous mixtures, heterogeneous mixtures, and solutions, which of these are considered the most well-mixed? Explain.
Solutions, because particles dissolve, so they can no longer be seen and are not easily distinguishable.
Restate in your own words the Conservation of Matter.