Atomic Structure
What charge does a proton have?
+1 / positive
What are the electrons in the outermost shell called?
Valence Electrons
Are groups vertical columns or horizontal rows?
Vertical Columns
What is a positively charged ion called?
Cation
Ionic compounds usually form between what two types of elements?
A metal and a non-metal
Name NaCl.
Sodium Chloride
Covalent compounds usually form between what types of elements?
Two non metals
An element has 17 protons and an electron arrangement of 2,8,7. Identify the element, its group, its number of valence electrons, and the ion it usually forms.
Chlorine • Group 17 • 7 valence electrons • Cl⁻
Where are protons and neutrons found in an atom?
The Nucleus
What is the maximum number of electrons in the first shell?
2
What family is Group 17?
Halogens
Does an atom become positive or negative when it gains electrons?
Negative
In ionic bonding, are electrons shared or transferred?
Transferred
What ending does the non-metal usually get when naming a binary ionic compound?
ide
In a covalent bond, what happens to electrons?
They are shared
Magnesium reacts with chlorine. Write the ions formed, write the final compound formula, and name the compound.
Mg²⁺ + Cl⁻ → MgCl₂ → magnesium chloride
What does the atomic number tell you?
Number of Protons
Write the electron arrangement for oxygen, atomic #8.
2,6
How many valence electrons do Group 1 elements usually have?
1
Sodium loses one electron. What ion does it form?
Na+
In NaCl, which element loses an electron?
Sodium
Write the formula made from Mg²⁺ and Cl⁻.
MgCl2
What prefix means 2?
di-
An atom has 12 protons, 12 neutrons and 10 electrons. Identify the element, its mass number, and its ion charge.
Magnesium • mass number 24 • Mg²⁺
A neutral oxygen atom has 8 protons. How many electrons does it have?
8 Electrons
Write the electron arrangement for sodium, atomic #11.
2,8,1
Which family has a full outer electron shell?
Noble Gases, Group 18
Oxygen usually gains how many electrons, and what ion does it form?
2 Electrons, O2
In MgO, how many electrons are transferred from magnesium to oxygen?
2 Electrons
Name CaF₂.
Calcium Flouride
Name CO₂.
Carbon Dioxide
Compare NaCl and CO₂. Which is ionic and which is covalent, and what happens to electrons in each?
NaCl = ionic, electrons transfer. CO₂ = covalent, electrons are shared.
Magnesium has atomic #12 and mass ≈24. About how many neutrons does it have?
12 Neutrons
Chlorine has an arrangement of 2,8,7. How many occupied shells and valence electrons does it have?
3 Shells, 7 Valence Electrons
Which atom is generally larger: lithium or potassium?
Potassium
Magnesium has 12 protons and 10 electrons. What is its charge?
+2, Mg2+
What ions form when calcium reacts with fluorine?
Ca2+ and F-
Write the formula made from Al³⁺ and O²⁻.
Al2O3
Write the formula for phosphorus pentachloride.
PCl5
An unknown element is in Period 3, Group 2. Identify it, write its electron arrangement, state its valence electrons, and predict its common ion.
Magnesium • 2,8,2 • 2 valence electrons • Mg²⁺
An atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons and 17 electrons. What element is it and what is its mass number?
Chlorine, Mass Number 35
An atom has the arrangement 2,8,8,2. Identify the element and its number of valence electrons.
Calcium, 2 Valence Electrons
An element is in Period 3, Group 17. Identify it and state its number of valence electrons.
Chlorine, 7 Valence Electrons
Chlorine has 17 protons and 18 electrons. Explain why its charge is −1.
It has one more negative electron than positive proton, so net charge = −1
Why must an ionic compound have an overall charge of zero?
The total positive and negative charges must balance
Write the formula for magnesium nitride using Mg²⁺ and N³⁻.
Mg3N2
Name N₂O₃ and state how many total atoms are in one molecule.
Dinitrogen Dioxide; 5 atoms
Chlorine has atomic #17 and mass ≈35. Give its approximate protons, neutrons and electrons, electron arrangement, valence electrons, and common ion.
17p • ~18n • 17e • 2,8,7 • 7 valence • Cl⁻