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Atoms and the Periodic Table
Properties of Water
Organic Chemistry
Macromolecules
Enzymes, Buffers, and pH
100
These two numbers are found on every element listed in the Periodic Table of the elements. One designates protons and the other designates protons plus neutrons.
What are atomic number and atomic mass?
100
This bond attracts whole water molecules together.
What are hydrogen bonds?
100
Rings, Chains and Branches. These are the configurations that this organic element can be found in.
What is carbon?
100
Proteins are made of twenty different of these building blocks.
What are amino acids?
100
A substance with a pH of 9 is considered this.
What is basic/ alkaline?
200
Elements with the same number of valence electrons are organized into these on the Periodic Table of the Elements.
What are groups?
200
Water in the solid state is (less dense/more dense) than liquid water.
What is less dense?
200
In a hydroxyl group, hydrogen is bonded to this atom, an element with a valence of 6, negative charge, and is found in water.
What is oxygen?
200
Name at least two functions of lipids.
What are long term energy, barriers, hormones, and cholesterol?
200
Name an example of a heterogeneous mixture.
What is salad, cereal, oil and water, colloids (milk, fog, blood), etc. Answers will vary.
300
Atoms of the same element that have a different number of neutrons are called these, which undergo radioactive decay in the nucleus.
What are isotopes?
300
A water droplet sticking to the surface of a penny, glass, or your kitchen counter are examples of this.
What is adhesion?
300
DAILY DOUBLE Hydroxyl and Sulfhyrdryl functional groups have similar structures in that they bond to this atom, an element that shares only two electrons to fill its outer valence shell.
What is hydrogen?
300
The structure of nucleic acids, the nucleotide, is composed of these three parts.
What is a sugar, nitrogenous base, and phosphate group?
300
This enzyme is used to lower activation energy in a chemical reaction.
What is a catalyst?
400
A bond that forms due to the donating or receiving of electrons from one atom to another is called this.
What is an ionic bond?
400
This term refers to water's ability to absorb a lot of heat before its actual temperature changes. This phenomenon, for example, helps coastal cities maintain a relatively warm climate throughout the year.
What is specific heat?
400
This many oxygen atoms bind to the phosphorus atom of the phosphate functional group.
What is four?
400
Carbohydrates can have these four prefixes in forming different lengths of saccharides. Note: You must know which one is the building block of sugars.
What is mono-, di-, poly-, and oligo-?
400
Name at least two functions of biologically-important buffers.
What are: maintain pH within a particular range, minimize effects of acids and bases within a solution, and take or give H+ ions according to their concentration within a solution.
500
If the element of Lithium has an atomic number of 3 and an atomic mass of 7, how many protons, neutrons, and electrons does it have?
3p+, 4n, and 3e-
500
This term, meaning water has charges on its opposite ends, is one of the single biggest factors why water is a good universal solvent. Explain how water dissolves a gram of salt (Na+ Cl-) in a solution due to the above term.
What is polarity? The negative charge on the O- in water is attracted to the postive charge on the Na+, while the positive charge on the H+ in water is attracted to the negative charge on Cl- in salt. These attractions dissolve the salt into ions in the solution.
500
Draw and label the structure of the amino group. This group is made up of these two types of atoms.
What is nitrogen and oxygen?
500
This type of reaction involves the addition of water to break polymers into smaller units.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
500
Explain two examples of how pH is important in real life?
What is acid reflux and acid rain? Acid refulx: We take antacids (bases) to neutralize the acid in our stomach. Acid rain: Gases are released into the atmosphere, are transferred through precipitation, and kill plant life/ contaminate runoff water. Answers may vary.