Introduction to chemical agents in biofilm control
What two ways can chemotherapeutic agents be delivered in periodontal patients?
Systemic delivery or Topical delivery
_______ _______ refers to the resistance of a bacterium to withstand the effects of an antibiotic by developing mechanisms to protect the bacterium from the killing or inhibiting effects of an antibiotic.
(HINT: it is a reason dentists do not routinely use antibiotics in periodontal disease patients )
Antibiotic resistance
Controlled-release delivery devices dissolve slowly, producing a steady, sustained release of the antimicrobial agent over a period of several _______ (Hours, Days, or Months)?
Days
List 2 of the 4 ingredients that are added to toothpaste to impart special benefits to periodontal patients.
Two emerging non-ADA-approved CAM therapies that need to be reviewed are?
Charcoal based products and “Oil Pulling”
In dentistry what does topical delivery (or local delivery) of a chemotherapeutic agent refer to?
placement of a chemotherapeutic directly into a periodontal pocket for direct contact with biofilm.
Another reason dentists avoid routinely using systemic antibiotics is because studies indicate that, in most patients, these diseases respond to ________ _______ ________ _______.
conventional mechanical periodontal therapy
refers to self-care, periodontal instrumentation, surgical interventions, and control of local contributing factors.
What is the brand name for the controlled-release delivery agent Monocycline Hydrochloride?
Arestin
The active ingredient in a mouth rinse should display the property of _________. Meaning that the active ingredient would be retained in the oral cavity following rinsing and would be released slowly over time.
Substantivity
Oil is placed in the mouth and either swished or held in the mouth for ____ to ___ ____, then spit out.
10 to 20 minutes
As the chemotherapeutic circulates throughout the body in the bloodstream, it enters the periodontal tissues and becomes part of the _______ ________ ______ where it encounters the periodontal microorganisms invading the periodontal tissues.
gingival crevicular fluid
Tetracyclines inhibit the action of ________
Collagenase
What is the brand name for Doxycycline Hyclate Gel?
Atridox
Out of the 4 ingredients tested for efficacy againt gingivitis—which one is most effective?
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Charcoal is highly porous, which conceivably gives charcoal the ability to do what to chemicals?
trap
Name the protective substance in biofilm that creates a barrier preventing chemical agents from contacting the bacteria within the plaque biofilm
Extracellular Protective Matrix
What combination of drugs are one of the more effective antibiotic regimes to prescribe to patients with periodontitis?
Amoxicillin and metronidazole
What is the brand name for Chlorhexidine Gluconate Chip?
PerioChip
Name four ideal characteristics that an ideal mouth rinse should possess?
Efficacy , Stability, Substantivity and Safety
National Academy of Medicine labelled these types of products/remedies/practices under the broad umbrella known as (CAM). What does CAM stand for?
complementary and alternative medicine
_____ ______ is a niche or secure place in the oral cavity that can allow for periodontal pathogens to lie undisturbed during routine therapy and subsequently repopulate periodontal pockets quickly.
Microbial Reservoir
Tetracyclines are effective against most strains of what specific bacteria?
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
What two agents are derivatives of tetracycline agents making them a contradiction for patients with tetracycline sensitivities?
Atridox and Arestin
Name 3 common side effect of long term use of chlorhexidine gluconate
true or false?
Charcoal is a not abrasive at all —it can be used daily use and would not cause damage to the enamel of the teeth.
False
Charcoal is a mild abrasive—but still too abrasive for daily use and could cause damage to the enamel of the teeth.