Background Information
Name one of the authors of the paper
Cong Chen
S. Helena Donner
Arjen Biere
Rieta Gols
Jeffrey A. Harvey
Healthy and parasitized hosts were reared on...
Brussels Sprouts
What was the trend of development time vs temperature treatments in Figure 2?
Low = slowest
Medium = medium
High = quickest
Hyperparasites are also known as [blank]
(Looking for a specific term)
Metaparasites
What was something you found interesting about the background or results?
Open Discussion. I really enjoyed learning about hyperparasitism as a whole; it's such a unique mode of survival that works off of an already weird mode of survival.
Hyperparasitism involves how many parasitoids? Also define hyperparasitism
2+
A type of parasitism where a parasite's host is a parasite.
Cotesia glomerata is a [blank] species...
(Looking for a specific term)
Gregarious
How many time intervals were used, and what were they?
5 intervals
0, 6, 24, 48, 72 hours
Plants emit volatile compounds as a response to herbivory which may attract parasitoids and...
Hyperparasites
Pick a figure (excluding figures 1 & 2) and guide us through it. Why is it relevant to the paper?
Open Discussion. Figure 1 is an image of the hyperparasites used in the paper. It is relevant to the paper because it shows us what the organisms they're working with look like.
What predictions were made in the introduction?
1. Exposure to high temperatures will reduce the survival of both hyperparasitoid species.
2. Longer time intervals between the first and second parasitism events will benefit the hyperparasitoid that parasitized the host first.
How were the cocoons scored?
Four categories:
1) A. nens emerged
2) L. nana emerged
3) C. glomerata emerged
4) No emergence
Emergence of both hyperparasitoids under high temperature was...
Reduced by more than half
On Poetry: A Rhapsody was written by?
Jonathan Swift
Tell us about a question you had regarding the paper, and we'll try to answer.
Open Discussion. Despite the extensive text, was the paper easy to go through and understand?
Name the two host organisms and the two hyperparasites used in the study (ignore the brussels sprouts)
Pieris brassicae, Cotesia glomerata, Acrolyta nens, and L. nana
What two parameters were used to analyze the outcome of intrinsic competition?
1. The proportion of successfully parasitized cocoons
2. The proportion of successfully parasitized cocoons that produced L. nana
Parasitism success is not only determined by larval survival to adulthood, but also...
The ability of the adult mothers to find and parasitize suitable hosts
Reversibility of effect in Hyperparasites system and Apex predator system
1. Possible, infection may clear
2. Not possible, prey killed
Jeffrey A. Harvey comes up A LOT in hyperparasitoid research. The field itself does not contain as much material as other fields. If you were going to design an experiment to answer a question about hyperparasitism, what would that question be, and what would your experiment look like?
Open discussion. I think a host preference experiment would be something I'd want to do. How much specificity is there when it comes to host selection? Gathering 3-5 species of hyperparasites and then presenting them with their standard host organism, as well as other host organisms, to see if they utilize them or not.
Both Lysibia nana and Acrolyta nens are [blank]...
(Looking for a specific term)
Idiobionts
What is a Tukey HSD? What does it do?
A post-hoc statistical test. It can be used to correctly interpret the statistical significance of the difference between means that have been selected for comparison because of their extreme values.
What will potentially weaken the strength of top–down interactions?
Heatwaves, droughts, and other processes associated with climate warming
Ceratothoa parallela is found on what organism?
Sparid fish or Boops boops
Are hyperparasites negatively impacted by global warming?
Open Discussion. Results point to yes, as we see changes in development and reproductive success when heat stress is introduced.
Devil's Advocate: Results point to yes for conditions specific to hyperparasite wasps, but not for other hyperparasites.