Thoracic Anatomy (bony thorax, lungs, sternum)
The sternum consists of these three parts
What are manubrium, body, and xiphoid?
The definition of respiration in terms of gas exchange
What is the exchange of gaseous substances between the air we breathe and the bloodstream?
The correct patient position for a standard PA chest radiograph
What is erect, shoulders rotated inward, hands on hips?
The typical kVp range used for adult PA chest radiography
What is 110-125 kVp?
What a hypersthenic body habitus chest radiograph typically shows compared to hyposthenic
What is a wider, shorter thorax in hypersthenic versus a narrower, longer thorax in hyposthenic?
This many pairs of ribs make up the bony thorax
What are 12 pairs?
The three sections of the pharynx
What are nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx?
This positioning criterion is essential to evaluate when reviewing a chest radiograph for quality
What is no rotation (evaluated by posterior rib alignment)?
The recommended SID (Source-to-Image Distance) for chest radiography
What is 72 inches?
These types of pathology are better demonstrated on a lateral chest radiograph
What are pathology posterior to heart, pathology of great vessels, and lateral sternum fractures?
This structure forms the posterior wall of the thoracic cavity and consists of 12 segments
What are thoracic vertebrae?
The four parts of the respiratory system important in chest radiography
What are larynx, trachea, right and left bronchi, and lungs?
The typical IR (Image Receptor) size used for adult PA chest radiography
What is 14x17 inches?
These structures should be demonstrated on a properly positioned lateral chest radiograph
What are sternum, ribs, and thorax posteriorly?
What is visualized in the pleural cavity on a chest radiograph
What is the space between parietal and pulmonary pleura?
These bones are sometimes called 'collar bones' and form part of the superior thoracic aperture
What are clavicles?
This primary bronchus is more likely to have aspirated foreign bodies because it's wider and shorter
What is the right primary bronchus?
For an AP lordotic projection, the central ray should be directed here
What is perpendicular to IR, centered to mid-sternum 3-4 inches below jugular notch?
The purpose of using proper collimation in chest radiography
What is to reduce scatter radiation and improve image quality?
Fissures in relation to lung anatomy on a radiograph
What are the divisions between lung lobes?
This structure is located at the T5 level and marks the bifurcation of the trachea
What is the carina?
The right lung has this many lobes, while the left lung has two
What is three lobes?
This respiratory phase should be used for making the exposure in chest radiography
What is second full inspiration?
The topographical landmarks for PA chest radiography in terms of vertebral levels.
What is from vertebra prominens (C7) to T12?
This pathological condition might cause the trachea to deviate from its normal midline position
What is a pneumothorax, large mass, or pleural effusion?