Basics
A condition where the heart cannot pump or fill well enough to meet body's demands
HF
What is the easiest memory trick for remembering L sided HF?
LEFT = LUNGS
Which type of HF develops gradually?
Chronic HF
A BNP > than what indicates HF?
>100
What position should a patient with acute heart failure and respiratory distress be placed in?
High fowlers
Biggest cause of HF
Coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI)
What findings is most associated with L sided HF?
A. Ascites
B. JVD
C. Crackles
D. Heptaomegaly
C. Crackles
Which findings is more concerning for acute HF?
A. fatigue
B. mild peripheral edema
C. dyspnea at rest
D. gradual weight gain
C. dyspnea at rest
What diagnostic test uses ultrasounds to evaluate the heart's structure, pumping ability, and blood flow?
Echocardiogram
Which assessments are important when monitoring a patient with heart failure? SATA
A. Lung sounds
B. Oxygen saturation
C. Intake and output
D. Daily weight
E. Blood pressure and heart rate
all are correct
Which modifiable RF can increase the risk of developing HF? SATA
A. Smoking
B. Increasing age
C. HTN
D. Diabetes
E. Obesity
A - C - D - E
A patient with L sided HF develops severe dyspnea, crackles, and pink, frothy sputum.
Which complication should the nurse expect the patient to be experiencing?
Acute pulmonary edema
A patient with acute HF develops severe respiratory distress and a falling SpO2.
What should the nurse prioritize?
Airway and breathing - assess resp status, put pt in high-fowlers and provide oxygen
What does CO measure?
The amount of blood pumped by the heart each minute
A patient with HF has increasing shortness of breath and difficulty breathing while lying flat. What should the nurse do first?
Sit the patient upright in High-Fowler's position and assess respiratory status.
Which lifestyle changes can help slow the progression of HF? SATA
A. low NA diet
B. Excerise
C. Consume +2000cal more a day to maintain energy
D. avoid excessive alcohol
E. stop smoking
A - B - D - E
Which findings would the nurse expect in a patient with right-sided heart failure? SATA.
A. Pink, frothy sputum
B. JVD
C. Periph. edema
D. Heptatomegaly
E. Ascites
B - C - D - E
Which findings indicate that a patient with acute heart failure may be developing a life-threatening complication? SATA.
A. pink, frothy sputum
B. severe respiratoru distress
C. falling SpO2
D. new confusion
E. severe hypotension
All are correct
Formula for CO
SV x HR = CO
A patient with heart failure has increasing edema and a sudden weight gain. Which nursing interventions are appropriate? SATA
A. Monitor intake and output
B. Obtain a daily weight
C. Assess lung sounds
D. Monitor edema
E. Encourage unrestricted fluid intake
A - B - C - D
A patient asks "if i follow my diet, exercise, and take all my meds, will my heart failure be cured?"
What is the best response?
HF cannot be cured, but treatment can slow the progression, reduce cardiac workload, improve function, and control symptoms
(or some variation of something along these lines)
A patient with HF has a 3-lb weight gain in 24 hours, increased ankle edema, and JVD.
What do these findings most likely indicate?
Fluid retention and worsening R sided HF
A patient with chronic HF suddenly develops severe dyspnea, crackles, falling SpO₂, and pink, frothy sputum.
What should the nurse recognize?
Acute pulmonary edema requiring immediate intervention.
A patient has a cardiac output of 4L/min, a stroke volume of 50mL, and a HR of 80bpm. Which formula is used to calculate cardiac output?
Answer: CO = SV × HR
Rationale: 50 mL × 80 = 4,000 mL/min, or 4 L/min.
(this was chat so idk man)
A patient with acute HF suddenly becomes severely dyspneic, confused, hypotensive, and has pink, frothy sputum. What is the nurse's priority?
Address ABCs—support airway and breathing, place the patient in High-Fowler's, provide oxygen as prescribed, and rapidly assess for pulmonary edema/cardiogenic shock