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Heart Failure
Drug Therapy for CHF
Diagnosis of CHF
Electrophysiology of CHF
Guideline Directed Medical Therapy
100
Abnormal clinical syndrome that involves inadequate pumping and/or filling of the heart.
What is heart failure
100

Decrease fluid volume, decrease preload, decrease pulmonary venous pressure, relieve symptoms of heart faiulre (edema). (Give example of one)

What are diuretics. -loop (lasix, bumex,) -Thiazide (hydrocholrothiazide) -K-Sparing (Aldactone)

100

Blood test that indicates the oxygen level and perfusion 

ABG

100
A normal cardiac impulse begins the the
What is the SA Node
100

What is HFrEF where LVEF is now >40%

Improved LVEF

200
The two primary risk factors for heart failure.
What is Hypertension and coronary artery disease.
200
Dilate venules and arterioles, improve renal blood flow, decrease fluid volume, promote reverse remodeling and decrease morbidity and mortality. (Give example)
What are Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Inhibitors. -ACE Inhibitors (Capoten, Lotensin, Vasotec) -Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (Cozaar)
200

Diagnostic study that will show cardiomegaly, pulmonary congestion, interstitial pulmonary edema in HF

CXR

200
Where the cardiac impulse ends
What is the Purkinje fibers
200

Which HF patients should be referred to a team specializing in HF including palliative care consistent with the patient’s goals of care

Patients with advanced HF who wish to prolong survival  

300
Crackles, changes in mental status, restlessness and confusion occur with this type of heart failure.
What is Left-sided heart failure
300
Reduce cardiac afterload, leading to increased CO, dilate the arterioles of the kidneys, decrease BP, and decrease preload.
What are Vasodilators -hydralazine,nitrates, nitroprusside,
300

Lab test - elevated levels correlate with LV failure

BNP

300

Heart rate 60-100 with normal rhythm, normal P wave, normal PR interval, normal QRS complex.

What is Normal sinus rhythm.

300

What are the revised stages of heart failure where primary prevention is important

“at risk” for HF (stage A) or “pre-HF” (stage B)

400
The primary cause of right-sided heart failure.
What is left-sided heart failure.
400
Used only in chronic HF. Promote reverse remodeling, decrease afterload, inhibit SNS and reduce morbidity and mortality.
What are Beta Adrenergic Blockers -metoprolol and carvedilol
400

Diagnostic study that will show low or normal EF with Heart Failure

ECHO

400

Represents time for the passage of the electrical impulse through the atrium causing atrial depolarization. Should be upright.

What is the P wave

400

What are 3 of the conditions that the current GDMT include specific recommendations

iron deficiency, anemia, hypertension, sleep disorders, type 2 diabetes, atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, and malignancy

500
May result from an acute condition such as right ventricular infarction or pulmonary embolism.
What is right-sided heart failure
500
Prevent thromboembolism and recommended for patients with an ejection fraction <20% and/or atrial fibrillation.
What are anticoagulants
500

Diagnostic study that will show atrial and ventricular enlargement in HF

ECG

500

Rate not measurable and rhythm irregular, absent P wave, PR interval not measurable and QRS not measurable.

What is Ventricular fibrillation.

500

What are the 5 recommendations for treatment of Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Control HTN, DM other risk factors, Ace I/ARB, Sodium restriction 2 grams; Regular exercise if not ischemia, HF education, daily weights