Chi-Square Basics
What type of variables does chi-square analyze?
Categorical variables.
Which test examines one categorical variable?
Chi-square goodness of fit.
What significance level is used in the presentation?
.05.
Which statistical program is used in the presentation?
SPSS
Which platform’s posts were shown in the peer-reviewed study?
X, formerly Twitter.
What do observed counts represent?
The actual counts in the data.
Which test examines the association between two categorical variables?
Chi-square test of independence.
If p = .003, do you reject the null hypothesis at α = .05?
Yes, because .003 is below .05.
Which SPSS function creates a table of two categorical variables?
Crosstabs
What feature was present in one group’s posts and absent in the other’s?
A verification badge.
What do expected counts represent?
The counts expected under the null hypothesis.
You compare TV sales across brands with last year’s market shares. Which test do you use?
Goodness of fit.
A goodness-of-fit test has four categories. What is df?
3: four minus one.
Where do you place the two variables in Crosstabs?
One in Rows and the other in Columns.
What topic did the posts address?
Vaccines
Is chi-square a parametric or nonparametric test?
A nonparametric test.
You examine whether gender is associated with media choice. Which test do you use?
Test of independence.
How do you calculate an expected cell count in a test of independence?
Row total × column total ÷ sample size.
Which option do you select under Statistics?
Chi-square.
Did verification badges significantly affect the tested outcomes?
No statistically significant effect was found.
Why must observations be independent?
One observation should not depend on another.
What is the null hypothesis for a test of independence?
The two variables are independent.
Does p = .205 prove that the variables are independent? Explain.
No. There is insufficient evidence of an association at α = .05.
Which two count options do you select under Cells?
Observed and Expected.
Does a significant chi-square result prove causation? Explain.
No. It shows evidence of an association, not that one variable causes another.