Can I Have Your Attention Please
The two best treatment recommendations for a child with an attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) include...
Medication Consultation & Behavioral Interventions
Localized speech and suggested the importance of the left hemisphere in the expression of language
Broca
Known as the master regulator, without me, you learn and remember nothing.
The Hippocampus
Often outgrown or recede as there is maturity and advances of the developmental level.
Typical or Normative Childhood Fears
What is the major learning shift that happens from first grade to third grade
Learning to Read -> Reading to Learn
This pathway is responsible for the cool executive functions.
Dorsolateral
The recognition and manipulation of sounds in spoken language.
What is phonological awareness?
In a standardized memory assessment, we are testing what domains of memory? Name at least two.
Immediate Recall
Delayed Recall
Delayed Recognition
Interference (Proactive or Retroactive)
This small subcortical collection of nuclei located in the medial temporal lobe that is critical to fear
amygdala
True or False:
Vision Therapy is the most effective form of evidence based treatment for kids with dyslexia.
FALSE
Structural Neuropathology implicated in ADHD includes...(Name at least 2)
•Reduced volumes or cortical thinning in regions encompassing all 4 circuits
•Reduced lobular volumes and cortical folding (suggesting early onset in prenatal period)
•White and gray matter differences
A strategy used by early readers and refers to breaking down words into smaller segments to sound out rather than sounding out each individual letter
chunking
Involves mental manipulation and cognitive multi-tasking with greater frontal activation
Working Memory
Name and describe the four fear resposnes
FIGHT/ FLIGHT: when confronted with a life-threatening event, animals/people would default to either fighting back or running away.
FREEZE: Freeze is seen in many species. Ex: a lion turns to defend its limp, freshly killed dinner, and that animal jumps up and runs while the lion is distracted, that’s a “freeze” response.
FAWN: The most recent addition, and fairly “new” in the literature, it came to be added as researchers studying trauma and fear, found that some people (often, individuals who’ve experienced previous victimization) automatically react with docile, obedient behavior
many states are now adapting a switch to this type of learning when teaching children to read.
SYSTEMATIC PHONEMIC BASED READING METHOD
List 4 examples of Orbitofrontal Dysfunction.
•Emotionally Disinhibited
•Emotional Lability
•Poor Impulse Control (impulsivity)
•Limited Foresight for Consequences
•Limited ability for the volitional control of activity
•Poor regulation of affects and social distress
•Morality and social functioning weaknesses implied (may know right and wrong but may not remember to use this as a guide for activity)
DAILY DOUBLE!!
Name 3 risk factors for kids with dyslexia.
Genetic Factors (30-50% of children of a parent with a reading disorder will also develop a reading disorder)
Speech and Hearing Impairments
Language Delays and Disorders
Poverty
Limited Language Exposure
Controlled processing is needed in the beginning of this learning process and automatic processing occurs later for the process of ____________________.
What is Skill Acquisition
The areas cognitive behavioral therapists target to reduce anxiety.
Thoughts
Behaviors
Feelings
The Study Meaningful Differences highlights the importance of _________________________.
early intervention for language acquisition
Name and Describe two Models of ADHD functioning.
Barkley- ADHD represents a deficit in behavioral inhibition. Most affected by problems with four executive functions: (1) self-regulation of affect, arousal, and motivation, (2) reconstitution of behavior, (3) internalization of speech, (4) working memory
PASS - ADHD represents deficits in Planning, Attention and Simultaneous and Successive Information Processing
Edmund Sonuga-Barke: ADHD Represents a motivational style in which children find that delays in rewards are aversive.
Halperin: ADHD represents early-appearing and enduring subcortical dysfunction that changes in the course of development as the frontal lobes attempt to regulate and control the activity.
Identify the Neural Systems for Reading in English.
Occipital-Temporal Area
Frontal Region
Upper Temporal Areas and the Lower Parietal Areas
Remember When...
The process by which we recall memories.
through active or passive retrieval
Two Roads Diverge at a Yellow Road...
Define the dual pathway model of fear as demonstrated by Joe LeDoux's work.
subcortical pathway (low road) - unfiltered information can provoke immediate response to danger cues
cortical pathway (high road) - involves conscious and controlled mechanisms and information is processed more carefully to allow the individual to determine if a threat is truly there
The time where the brain is more vulnerable to exposure. Much broader and more flexible. If a skill is not acquired during this time it can still be learned later on with diminished capacity.
What is a sensitive period?