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Apply Your Knowledge
Piaget & Freud
Vygotsky, Erikson, & Bandura
Theories
Terms
100
I want to study Xavier and his family in order to track is development. According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological perspective, what kind of setting would be the best place to observe the child? In their natural environment
In their natural environment
100
In Freud's Theory, what causes the transitions from one stage of development to another?
Sexual Instinct- when the individual's sexual focus shifts from one part of the body to another
100
What type of learning did Bandura emphasize as the most valuable as it relates to increasing the behavior skills of children?Observational Learning
Observational Learning.
100
How would Development theorists who believe that development is a continuous process describe each stage progression?
Gradual, qualitative, and often disconnected
100
Which type of theory is one that is capable of making predictions about future events so that the theory can be discounted or supported?
Falsifiable
200
believes that children are in complete control of their behaviors and actions and is their own fault when they get into trouble. Where do you believe Erica's opinion lies on the active/passive issue?
Active; Children are active participants in their own learning and behaviorErica
200
2 part question: 1. Freud's theory has 3 personality components- Name them 2. Which of these three is referred to as the "executive" of our personality and involves our learning & logical reasoning functions?
functions1. Id (Urges), Ego (Logic), Superego (Morals) 2. Ego
200
Vygotsky believed that there were 4 levels of in interaction with the children's environment that could be evaluated. List the 4 levels.
1. Microgenetic 2. Ontogenetic 3. Phylogenetic 4. Sociogenetic
200
Which theorist claimed that children are highly ACTIVE in their knowledge construction, which led to discovery-based education programs?Piaget
Piaget
200
What does the ethological view of human development consider to be the most influential on development?
Biological Influences
300
Fit Freud's 3 Components of Personality to finish this statement: Brian really wants play video games instead of doing the studying that he needs to do/what his parents told him to do. His ____________ is controlled by urges and doesn't care about any consequences of playing the games; His _______________ is concerned with the moral issue of disobeying his parents; and his _____________ is trying to come up with a logical way in order to play the video games and finish studying.
1.Id 2. Superego 3. Ego
300
What are the 4 Piaget Stages of Cognitive Development?
1. Sensorimotor 2. Preoperational 3. Concrete Operational 4. Formal Operational
300
What reciprocal relationship did Bandura find in child behavior?
Behavior is affected by environment--> <-- But environment is also affected by the child's behavior
300
John Watson (A Behaviorist) viewed children as a ____________________, who should be ___________?
Tabula Rasa; Treated FIRMLY and NEVER coddled
300
What is a "scheme" in terms of cognitive theory?
The cognitive structure that is an organized pattern of thoughts or actions
400
Trina just started Preschool and is 4 years old. Which of Erikson's theory of life crisis is Trina likely to be dealing with?
Initiative vs. Guilt
400
Why did developmental psychologists criticize Piaget's cognitive developmental theory? Provide 3 reasons.
1. Failed to adequately give description of stages 2. Failed to specify how children transition and progress from each stage to another 3. Underestimated environmental influences on children.
400
Shannon's teacher is helping her to learn to read and she reads to her, and then with her, and then slowly eases away so that Shannon is reading on her own. Which Vygotsky term is Shannon's teacher using in order to development Shannon's learning?
Scaffolding
400
Which theorist believed that cognitive growth is socially influenced and that there are NO universal cognitive stages?
Vygotsky
400
A good scientific theory is one that builds on prior knowledge by allowing for the formation of new testable hypotheses, meaning the theory is __________?
Heuristic
500
Mrs. Brown is currently pregnant. According to an ethological perspective of human development, which period of her baby's life will be the most crucial for socioemotional development?
THE FIRST 3 YEARS
500
Which powerful force of motivation did Freud emphasize in relation to developmental behaviors?
Biological Urges and Unconscious Behaviors.
500
According to Erikson, a child believes that world is a dangerous place and is fearful of others, was probably not successful in resolving the conflict of which stage?
Trust v. Mistrust
500
What is a major advantage of learning theories?
They generate testable predictions that are easily evidenced.
500
What is the term (developed by Vygotsky) for the range of tasks that are too complicated to be mastered alone but can be mastered with the support and guidance of a skilled partner?
Zone of Proximal Development