Child Development

Erikson’s Stages

100

What is the primary conflict of Erikson’s stage for preschoolers?

• Initiative vs. Guilt

200

In the Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt stage, what quality develops when a child successfully navigates the conflict?

• A sense of independence or willpower.

300

What might a child feel if they are overly criticized during the Initiative vs. Guilt stage?

• Guilt or a lack of confidence in their ability to make decisions.

400

Name an activity that can promote initiative in preschoolers

• Allowing them to choose and lead a group activity, like deciding on a game or art project.

500

Why is a balance between autonomy and shame important during the toddler years?

It helps children learn self-control while feeling confident in their abilities.

Moral Development

100

At what age does a conscience typically begin to develop?

• Around 3-6 years old.

200

What emotion is most closely tied to the development of a conscience?

Guilt

300

What is the term for learning right and wrong by observing adults' actions?

Modeling

400

Name one way to foster empathy in preschoolers

Encouraging them to consider how others feel and role-playing prosocial behaviors.

500

: Explain how guilt differs from shame in moral development

• Guilt is tied to specific actions (“I did something bad”), while shame reflects a negative evaluation of the self (“I am bad”).

Parenting Styles

100

Which parenting style is considered most effective in promoting healthy child development?

Authoritative

200

How does an authoritarian parent typically discipline their child?

With strict rules and little explanation or warmth

300

What is the main difference between permissive and neglectful parenting?

• Permissive parents are indulgent and involved, while neglectful parents are uninvolved and indifferent.

400

Name one potential long-term effect of neglectful parenting on a child.

• Difficulty forming healthy relationships or poor self-esteem.

500

How might an authoritative parent respond to a child who hits another child?

• By calmly explaining why hitting is unacceptable, helping the child identify their feelings, and guiding them toward a better solution.

Aggression

100

What is the difference between instrumental and hostile aggression?

Instrumental aggression is goal-oriented (e.g., to get a toy), while hostile aggression is meant to harm someone.

200

At what age do children typically show the most physical aggression?

Around 2-3 years old.

300

What is relational aggression?

Damaging someone’s relationships or social status through exclusion or gossip.

400

Name one way parents can help reduce aggression in preschoolers.

Teaching emotional regulation skills or modeling non-aggressive behavior.

500

How can empathy reduce aggressive behavior?

By helping children understand the impact of their actions on others, they are less likely to harm them.

Preschool Potpourri

100

What skill does a child develop when they play make-believe with others?

Social skills, including perspective-taking.

200

What is the primary type of play during the preschool years?

Cooperative play.

300

How do preschoolers typically express autonomy?

By saying “no,” dressing themselves, or choosing their own activities.

400

Why is consistency important in parenting preschoolers?

It helps them understand boundaries and feel secure.

500

What role does storytelling play in moral development?

It helps children learn lessons about right and wrong through relatable scenarios.