Keating-Owen Act
This is the year the Keating-Owen Act become law.
What is 1916?
This is the name of the photographer hired by the National Child Labor Committee (NCLC) to photograph young children working around the country.
Who was Lewis Hine?
When a product has the "Fair Trade" label on it, this is what you can be assured of.
The laborers are getting paid a fair wage for their work?
This is the difference between "child labor" and "family chores".
Child Labor is harmful to children's mental & physical development (no school or play).
Family chores are age appropriate jobs children within a family structure and does not deprive the child of their mental or physical growth (education & playtime).
This is the year the Supreme Court overturned the Keating-Owen Act in Hammer vs Dagenhart.
What was 1918?
This was the full-time job of the photographer hired to photograph child labor around the United States.
What was a teacher?
True or False
The United States is the only country that participates in Fair Trade practices.
FALSE. More and more countries around the world have companies that participate in Fair Trade practices.
True or False: As of 2025, Central and Southern Asia have the highest child labor rates in the world.
False
Sub-Saharan Africa (the African continent below the Sahara Desert) has the highest number of child laborers at 86.6 million, followed by Central and South Asia at 26.3 million child laborers.
This is the reason the Supreme Court gave for overturning the Keating-Owen.
The Supreme Court said the Keating-Owen Act went too far and overstepped its power to regulate interstate commerce.
In the early 20th Century, child labor kept young children attending this.
What is school?
This type of candy is frequently obtained from companies that do not use Fair Trade methods.
What is chocolate or cocoa beans?
True or False: 100% of children in child labor do not attend school.
False: 1 in 3 children in child labor do not attend school.
This is the type of commerce whereby businesses sell goods across state lines (between states).
What is "interstate" commerce?
True or False. The photographer who traveled the country to take photographs of child laborers always let business owners know why he was taking pictures.
False. He frequently had to lie to be let into the factories and coal mines.
This bean, that eventually becomes a very popular drink, is frequently purchased from companies that do not use Fair Trade methods.
Coffee beans
West Africa is known for the growing of what type of bean where businesses vastly underpay the farmers and workers.
Cocoa beans (for chocolate)
Under the Keating-Owen Act, children between 14-16 years of age were banned from working at night between these hours.
What is between 7 p.m. and 6 a.m.?
Back in the early days of photography, this is the reason people (including the child laborers) had to stand perfectly still when their photographs were being taken.
If there was any movement when taking a picture with early cameras, the picture would be blurry.
What is the most common reason workers are willing to accept very low pay for their labor in NON-Fair Trade industries?
Poverty
This is what "a.m." and "p.m" stands for. (Hint: the "m" stands for meridian, meaning "mid-day")
a.m = ante (before) meridian
p.m. = post (after) meridian