Main stages of early CLA
The five stages of early language development
What is pre-birth, the babbling stage, the holophrastic stage, the telegraphic stage, the post-telegraphic stage (or continuing development stage)
The language used to fulfill a need.
What is instrumental?
Developed the function of language theory (also used in the Changing English Language sections)
Who is Michael Halliday?
The unspoken elements of communication such as body language, gestures and facial expressions.
What is paralinguistic features?
This is used by parents, guardians and other adults to assist the child in learning to use his/her language correctly.
What is caretaker language?
At around six weeks, a baby will do this for the first time.
What is smile?
The language used to develop social relationships.
What is interactional?
This theorist believed we had something in our brains which caused us to learn languages.
Who is Noam Chomsky?
The elements of communication such as intonation, stress, tone and speed which relay information.
What is prosodic features?
This is not considered language of inferior quality but it is the language used and understood by a particular group of people.
What is the Restricted Code?
Only important information given without any details or use of articles is an example of this stage of language development.
What is the telegraphic stage?
The language used to exchange, relay or request information.
What is representational?
Believed all our language acquisition was due to positive or negative reinforcement.
Who is B.F. Skinner?
The basic conversational feature of 'statement' and 'response'.
What is adjacency pairs?
Much like formal speech, this language is used to ensure all the information is clearly transmitted to everyone.
The two-word phase is actually part of this stage.
What is the holophrastic stage?
The language used to express personal opinions, feelings and identity.
What is personal?
Believed we only attained speech at the rate our brain developed.
Who is Jean Piaget?
The term given for a noise, gesture, expression or word that indicates the listener is paying attention to the speaker.
What is back-channeling?
A mistake made when a child follows the rules/patterns he or she has learned but does not know or understand the exceptions.
What is a virtuous error?
This is approximately how many words a young child will know by the age of five.
What is 2,000?
The language used to influence the behaviour of others.
What is regulatory?
Developed the ideas around the Zone of Proximal Development.
Who is Lev Vygotsky?
The 'ice-breakers' used to initiate conversations when greeting people.
What is phatic communication?
The gap between present abilities and future achievements.
What is the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)?