Child Development
The age where one can hop on one foot
What is age 4?
what is pre-operational thought and what ages is this associated with?
-magical (pre-logical) thinking
-belief of immanent justice - belief that the world or nature punishes ppl for bad deeds
-unable to see other people’s point of view - egocentrism
Age that total brain volume first reaches full adult size?
5-8 years old?
FDA-approved medication(s) for pediatric GAD
what is....
Cymbalta / Duloxetine: ages 7-17 for GAD (2014)
Lexapro / escitalopram: ages 7-17 for GAD (May 2023
Before 2006, how did IDEA define learning disability? Vs now?
Before 2006: Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) - using the discrepancy model - if a child showed normal IQ and poor performance on psychoeducational tests (such as reading and math), the discrepancy between these two tests would highlight the learning disorder. Important to note DSM5 still defines learning disorder this way
2006 - current date: IDEA created new definition of a learning disability is response to an intervention model (the situation where a child does not learn as expected with standard quality academic instruction)
The age where 6 blocks can be stacked
What is age 2?
Kubler- Ross stages of Grief - what are they?
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
Vitamin that is low in homocystinuria?
Giving this vitamin can lower the risk of patients with homocystinuria developing what disorder?
Vit B6
Giving Vit B6 lowers the risk for developing intellectual disability
alpha-2 adrenergic agonists - which ones are FDA-approved for ADHD treatment and in what ages?
guanfacine ER tab (Intuniv) [not IR tab, Tenex]: 6-17 yo
clonidine ER tab(Kapvay) [not IR tab, Catapres or patch, Catapres-TTS]: 6-17
Which symptoms are most likely missed using the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale?
A. excessive guilt
B. breathing rituals
C. sensory discomfort
D. hoarding obsessions
E. preoccupation with orderliness
Q1: Age of object permeance
Q2: what is object permeance?
A1 what is 9 months?
A2: what is Object permanence is the idea that places, objects, and people still continue to exist after we cannot perceive them. It’s just one piece of Jean Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. When this is developed, babies understand that when things left the room or are hidden, they still continued to exist.
how often does bedwetting need to occur and for how long for dx of enuresis?
Enuresis - not diagnosed until bedwetting occurs at least twice a week for 3 consecutive months.
age at which Babinski reflex should disappear by?
what is - 2 and up
can disappear by 1 year, can persist up to 2 years
antipsychotics approved for pediatric bipolar - acute and maintenance treatment of manic or mixed episodes and name age range
what is...
-aripiprazole (10-17)
-asenapine (10-17)
-olanzapine (acute mania only 13-17 yo)
-quetiapine (acute mania only 10-17 yo)
-risperidone (acute mania monotherapy and adjunctive 10-17 yo)
what is: Leiter International Performance Scale, Third Edition
-3 yo to Adults
-nonverbal test of intelligence
age of parallel play
name 2 other aspects of development that occur at this age
what is age 2?
what is- 50% of speech is intelligible, stacks 6 blocks, draws a line, drinks from a straw, kicks a ball, goes up and down stairs, both feet on each step, moves away from parent then comes back, says "no", can refer to self by own name
studied attachment styles via the strange situation paradigm.
What is Mary Ainsworth
Why do teenagers have less inhibitory control?
There is an increase in the midbrain dopamine activity and turnover.
what medications are FDA-approved for pediatric enuresis?
what is imipramine and desmopressin
You see a child with suspected intellectual disability and administer the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC) and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (KABS). The cumulative scores of WISC are at the 33rd percentile and cumulative scores of KABC are in the 62%tile. What explains this difference in score percentiles?
1. Gender
2. Abstract Reasoning
3. Visuospatial reasoning
4. Mathematical reasoning
5. English Language Ability
what is English Language Ability (5)
age a triangle can be copied and can print own name
what is age 5?
By 12 months, a child’s weight should ____ and height should increase by _____
By 12 months, a child’s weight should triple and height should increase by 50%.
disorder that presents with binge eating (frequenting buffets), hypersexuality, recurrent hypersomnia, typically presents in male adolescents
Kleine - Levin Syndrome
name all FDA-approved medications for pediatric OCD and the age range for each medication that it is indicated for tx of OCD
clomipramine: 10 to 17 yo [starting dose 25 mg, max 3 mg/kg or 200 mg, whichever is lower)
fluoxetine: 7 to 17 yo [starting dose 10 mg daily, max dose 60 mg]
sertraline: 6 to 17 yo
[6-12 yo: starting dose of 25 mg once daily, max 200 mg]
[13-17yo : starting dose of 50 mg once daily, max 200 mg daily]
fluvoxamine: 8 to 17 yo
[8 to 11 yo (starting dose 25 mg once daily, max 200 mg daily)
and 12 to 17 yo (starting dose 25 mg daily, max 300 mg)]
intelligence test that can be used for children that are hearing impaired, non-verbal, cognitively delayed, non-English speaking, speech impaired or autistic
what is the Leiter International Performance Scale
An example of how this test can help in real life -
can help distinguish a low IQ from a learning disorder in ADHD