Chapter 1 & 2
Which developmental period occurs from conception to birth
______A form of a gene inherited from a parent
Allele
A condition in which an infant cries for long periods of time
Colic
A parent helps an infant complete a difficult task by modeling the action and gradually reducing their assistance as the infant becomes more capable. This is an example of:
Scaffolding
Biologically based individual differences in behavioral and emotional reactivity and regulation is known as
temperament
The nature-nurture debate focuses on the relative influence of:
Heredity and environment
A sudden, permanent change in a DNA segment
Mutation
The sudden death of an infant during the first year of life
SIDS
The gap between what a child can do alone and what they can do with help
The Zone of Proximal Development
The match between a child's temperament and the demands of their environment is known as
"goodness of fit"
Which psychologist emphasized that personality continues to develop throughout the lifespan and proposed eight psychosocial stages?
Erik Erikson
Approximately how many ova is a female born with?
400,000
______Receive and send messages throughout the body
Neurons
Incorporating new events into existing schemes is known as
Assimilation
Around what age does self-recognition typically emerge, as demonstrated by the rouge test?
18-24 months
Which psychologist is associated with the Bobo doll experiment?
Albert Bandura
During which prenatal period do the central nervous system, internal organs, muscles, and skeleton begin to form?
Embryonic Period
The brain's ability to be modified by experience is known as
neuroplasticity
Creating new schemes or adjusting existing ones to better fit the environment
Accomodation
An infant looks at their mother's facial expression when approaching an unfamiliar situation to determine how they should respond. This is an example of:
Social Referencing
Approximately how many genes do humans have?
20,000-25,000
An environmental agent that can cause prenatal damage
Teratogen
This sense is the least developed at birth
Vision
This proposes that humans have an innate Language Acquisition Device (LAD) and a Universal Grammar
Nativist Theory
According to Erikson, the primary psychosocial crisis during the first year of life is:
Trust vs. Mistrust