4 R's
What are the 4 R’s?
Regulating, Revving, Re-experiencing, Reconstituting
Name the 3 A’s
Awareness, Affect, Action
The purpose of Indian boarding schools
To eliminate the Native American way of life and culture.
________ is an essential part of providing quality care and sustaining personal and professional capacities over time.
Self-care
Trauma
Exposure to an incident or series of incidents that are emotionally disturbing or life-threatening.
Regulating
A child’s baseline behavior. They are regulated, in control of their emotions, and alert.
Affect
Emotion
How did Native American students resist mistreatment at the boarding schools?
Running away; student-led protests; secret tribal ceremonies; speaking to one another in their native language
A cultural group’s experience with this form of trauma may affect their response to traumatic events.
Historical or multigenerational
Name one way trauma can impact your brain
Overstimulated amygdala (hyper-alert/hypervigilance); Underactive hippocampus (difficulty recalling or retaining information;memory issues; problems with focus); sympathetic nervous system highly activated (fatigue); difficulties distinguishing between safety and danger
The utilization of coping skills is particularly important during this stage.
Revving
Action
Behavior. Ex. Running away, aggression, etc.
In what ways were the students stripped of their culture to assimilate into “civilized” society?
forced to speak English and practice Christianity; given an English name; physical appearance
Strong social supports, secure attachment with caregivers, and high self-esteem are examples of _________ factors.
Protective or promotive
Stress hormones (name 1)
Cortisol; Adrenaline (epinephrine); growth hormone; glucagon; norepinephrine
In this stage, a child may be experiencing “survival-in-the-moment” and flashbacks of their trauma.
Re-experiencing
Awareness
Consciousness; what is going on around them
The economic and political pressures that forced students to attend boarding schools
Manifest destiny; land rights; the Department of War, and the belief that “cultural annihilation” would be more cost-effective than armed conflict.
Child-intrinsic factors vs. child-extrinsic factors
Intrinsic: temperament; previous exposure to trauma; mental health history
Extrinsic: physical, cultural, and family environment
This part of the brain is our body’s “alarm system.” It is responsible for our fight-flight-freeze-fawn response.
Amygdala
At what stage is a child most vulnerable to trauma triggers and risk of re-entering a fight/ flight/ freeze/fawn response?
Reconstituting.
The 3 main components of awareness
Attention (awareness of what’s going on around them), orientation (place and time), and sense of self.
How do these experiences affect our modern view of Native American history?
whitewashed history; harmful stereotypes; tribal sovereignty and autonomy.
Secondary Adversities
family separations, financial hardships, relocation to a new residence or school, social stigma, ongoing treatment for injuries, and legal proceedings.
Higher-order systems of the brain are located in the _______
Cerebral cortex