Changes in Agriculture
What do you call a form of money used in a country?
Currency
What is commerce?
The buying and selling of goods
What is the name of the Italian traveler that first saw China at the end of the Song Dynasty?
Marco Polo
Urbanization is ____________
The growth of cities
In Southern China, the climate is warm and wet. These wetland conditions are ideal for cultivating __________ plants.
Rice
Thanks to easing trade restrictions, products like rice, silk, tea, jade, and porcelain were sold where?
Overseas - along trade routes to India, Arabia, and Europe.
What was the result of the invention of the plow and harrow?
They made it easier to prepare fields for planting.
By what was Marco Polo was awestruck?
The size of the Chinese cities - in Europe 50 000, in China 2 million inhabitants.
During the Tang Dynasty, wars and attacks from __________ drove many landowners to move south.
Mongolia
Why did moneylenders begin issuing paper money to merchants?
In the 11th Century, the government issued so many copper coins that there was a copper shortage.
To grow rice on hillsides, farmers created flat areas called _________ .
Terraces
What contributed to rapid urbanization?
1. The growth of commerce encouraged people to move - more diverse opportunities in urban areas.
2. Landowners preferred the shopping opportunities and social life of the cities.
3. Self-fulfilling: More people, even more opportunities
What four changes took place in agriculture.
1. Population shift south.
2. The move to the south changed what farmers grew.
3. A new variety of rice plants.
4. Improved farming techniques and tools.
What are 3 reasons for the growth in trade and commerce?
1. Increasingly wealthy landowners were eager to buy luxuries.
2. Water transportation developed: cheaper and faster than transporting goods by road.
3. Innovations in navigation tools
Explain how tea consumption changed in China, increasing the demand for tea.
The Chinese had once used tea only as a medicine. But tea drinking became a social custom, with people visiting teahouses to drink tea with their friends.
Wealthy young girls often had their feet bound.
1. In what did foot binding result?
2. Why was this result desirable?
3. What is one consequence of foot binging?
1. Small feet
2. Considered to be beautiful
3. Girls had great difficulty walking.
What were the effects of the following changes in agriculture?
1. Population shift south.
2. The move to the south changed what farmers grew.
3. A new variety of rice plants.
4. Improved farming techniques and tools.
1. More people inhabited the south than the north.
2. Rice farmers faced a new challenge: typhoons.
3. Rice production boomed because it matured in 2 months instead of 5.
What 3 effects did the increase in China's trade and commerce have?
1. Growth of the merchant class.
2. Increased prosperity - China had the highest living standard in the world.
3. Many commercial centers grew into big cities - urbanization.
What was Kaifeng?
The capital city under both the Tang and the Song Dynasties.
How did urbanization also stimulate culture?
Artists now had a large audience to view their work. This audience was often wealthy and had lots of leisure time.