Pharmacokinetics
Fluid and Electrolytes
Cellular Injury and Healing
Autonomic Nervous System
Musculoskeletal and Pain Management
100

What is the primary organ responsible for drug metabolism?

The liver.

100

What is the normal range for sodium levels in the blood?

135-145 mEq/L.

100

What is hyperplasia

An increase in the number of cells, resulting in tissue mass enlargement.

100

What do muscarinic receptors stimulate?

Glands, vessels, bladder/bowel emptying, pupil constriction, decreased heart rate, and bronchoconstriction.


100

What is the prototype drug for treating acute gout?

Colchicine

200

What term describes the process by which drugs are inactivated or biotransformed by the body?

Metabolism

200

What is a common treatment for hypernatremia?

Diuretics and hypotonic IV fluids.

200

What type of cells regenerate quickly?

Labile cells, such as epithelial and GI lining cells

200

Name an anticholinergic medication used to increase heart rate.

Atropine

200

What are the common adverse effects of Allopurinol?

CNS effects, bone marrow depression, GI effects, and hepatotoxicity.

300

Which route of administration circumvents the first-pass effect?

Subcutaneous (Sub-Q), Transdermal, IV, and IM.

300

What are the cardiac symptoms of hypokalemia?

Hypotension, irregular heart rate, dysrhythmias, and EKG abnormalities.

300

What is metaplasia?

The transformation of one mature cell type to another that is irregular for the tissue type, often due to chronic irritation.

300

What are the adverse effects of anticholinergic medications?

Dry mouth, decreased GI motility, decreased GU motility, pupil constriction, increased heart rate, and anhidrosis.

300

What is the primary nursing consideration for patients taking Baclofen?

Do not stop taking the medication abruptly; taper the dose.

400

What is the 'first-pass effect' in pharmacokinetics?

The process where PO medications are extensively metabolized by the liver, leaving only a fraction of the dose available for distribution

400

What ABG values indicate respiratory acidosis?

pH < 7.35 & CO2 > 45.

400

What are the three routes of cellular healing?

First intention, second intention, and third intention.

400

What is the primary action of Beta 1 agonist medications?

Increase heart rate and force of contraction.

400

Name an adverse effect of Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride (Flexeril)

Anticholinergic effects such as dry mouth, constipation, urinary retention, and CNS depression

500

Name one factor that influences pharmacokinetics.

Age, genetics, ethnicity, or comorbidities.

500

What is Kussmaul's sign associated with?

Metabolic acidosis.

500

What type of cell growth is considered potentially cancerous?

Dysplasia

500

Which beta agonist is used in the management of shock due to its action on Beta 1 and some Beta 2 receptors?

Dobutamine

500

Why should patients sit upright for 30 minutes after taking Biphosphonates?

To prevent GI disturbance.