Chapter 3 Vocabulary
When there is a phase change from solid directly to a gas.
Sublimation
How many neutrons are in 222-Rn?
136
Chlorine consists of 75% chlorine-35 and 25% chlorine-37. Calculate the average atomic mass.
36 amu
s-orbitals can hold a maximum of _____ electrons.
2
How many neutrons are in 52-Cr?
28
____________ are a physical blend of two or more substances that can be physically separated into its components.
Mixtures
Who published the first atomic theory? (He was a 19th century Quaker).
John Dalton
Nitrogen is made up of two isotopes, N-14 and N-15. Given nitrogen's atomic weight of 14.007 amu, what is the percent abundance of each isotope?
99% (14)
0.7% (15)
What is the electron configuration for boron?
1s22s22p1
The weighted average of all known elements.
Atomic mass
Explains the states of matter in terms of the motions and energy of particles.
Kinetic-Molecular Theory
Which Greek philosopher argued against Democritus by saying that all matter was continuous? He believed matter was made up of only earth, air, fire, and water.
Aristotle
An element X has two isotopes, 56X and 58X. If the natural abundance of lighter isotope is 20% than the average atomic mass of the element is...
58 amu
What is this element?
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d6
Iron
This law states that the total mass and energy of the universe is constant.
Law of Conservation of Mass and Energy
An internationally accepted method of naming elements. (The FULL name).
International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Light travels as a wave. ______________ is the distance the light wave travels in one cycle. _____________ is the number of wave cycles completed each second.
Wavelength; Frequency
The average atomic mass of Ne is 20.2 amu. Neon is a mixture of Ne20 and Ne22. The relative abundance of the heavier isotope is:
10%
What is this element?
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s24d105p66s2
Barium
A sample of naturally occurring silicon consists Si-28 (amu = 27.9769), Si-29 (amu = 28.9765) and Si-30 (amu = 29.9738). If the average atomic mass of silicon is 28.0855 and the natural abundance of Si-29 is 4.67%, and the abundance of Si-30 is 8.23%, what is the natural abundance of Si-28?
86.7% abundance.
The measure of the average kinetic energy of a system.
Temperature
The __________ __________ is the range of wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm.
Visible spectrum
Atomic weight of boron is 10.81 amu and it has two isotopes B-10 and B-11. Then ratio of B-10 to B-11 in nature would be:
19:81
Write the electron configuration for ytterbium.
Name the six forms of energy!
1. Heat
2. Light
3. Chemical
4. Electrical
5. Mechanical
6. Nuclear