What is: lower total cholesterol, lower LDL cholesterol, lower triglycerides, increase HDL cholesterol. Bonus – what organ do statins act on?
100
These are 3 out of 4 ways that exercise is good for heart health
What are: Improves cardiac fitness, Lowers blood pressure, Helps with weight loss, Improves cholesterol?
100
These foods are highest in saturated fat
What are Animal products (meat, cheese, butter)? Bonus – what is the recommend daily limit of saturated fat?
100
In this year the new cholesterol guidelines came out
What is 2013?
200
This is what the ASCVD risk calculator assesses
What is 10-year risk of having a heart attack in patients with similar risk factors?
200
These are the most common side effects of statins
What are muscle aches (myalgias) and diarrhea (GI upset). Bonus - statins have also been shown to increase risk of what disease?
200
This is the recommended weekly exercise amount to improve blood pressure and cholesterol
What is Moderate-Vigorous intensity exercise for 40 mins, 3-4 times per week?
200
These are 3 examples of “good fat” foods that can boost HDL and lower LDL
What are Omega 3-rich foods (fish, flax seed, nuts, chia seeds), olive oil, avocados?
200
This is the biggest change in the new 2013 AHA guidelines
What is no longer “treat to target”? Bonus - what is the new emphasis on?
300
In this age range you can use the ASCVD risk calculator
What is 40-79? Bonus – what do you use for ages 20-40?
300
The 2013 Guidelines recommend statins for these patients
What is ASCVD risk > 7.5% OR LDL > 190. Also patients with known heart disease. Bonus – why is LDL > 190 an important cut off?
300
These are examples of moderate-vigorous activity (recommended to improve blood pressure and cholesterol)
What are jogging, swimming, biking, jump rope, hiking. Bonus - what is the Borg rating of perceived exertion?
300
This kind of food binds to fat in the gut, decreasing cholesterol levels in the blood
What is soluble fiber? E.g. Oatmeal, fruits, bran. Bonus – how does fiber intake decrease cholesterol?
300
Since cholesterol management is no longer “treat to target”, this is what determines a patient’s statin dose
What is level of risk? Statins are grouped by High Intensity, Medium Intensity, and Low Intensity doses, which correspond to a patient’s calculated risk.
400
These are 3 of the 6 major risk factors for cardiovascular disease (according to the AHA)
What are: Hypertension, Smoking, Diabetes, Age, Total Cholesterol, HDL cholesterol. Bonus – what other risk factors do we care about?
400
This natural food has also been shown to reduce cholesterol levels
What is red yeast rice? However, studies have ultimately been inconclusive and risks of longterm red yeast rice use are not known.
400
This is the latest information on sedentary lifestyles
What is not being active at all (sitting for >8hrs per day) greatly increases your risk of obesity, heart disease, diabetes)?
400
This is the deal with eggs
What is it turns out that everyone processes dietary cholesterol differently, but you still shouldn't eat 3 eggs every day?
400
This is the largest controversy regarding cholesterol guidelines
What is the link between high cholesterol levels and heart disease? The latest research is challenging the assumption that high cholesterol is directly linked to increase risk of heart attack and plaque rupture. The mechanism may be more complex and other yet-unidentified factors may be equally important.
500
This disease gives patients a 2-3x greater risk of heart attack
What is Diabetes? Bonus – why does diabetes increase risk?
500
What is the bottom line about statin therapy?
Lifestyle changes are recommended above all, even if a patient is on statin therapy. Bonus - what is the bottom line goal for risk reduction?
500
This is how much weight an overweight person needs to lose to decrease their cholesterol by about 10%
What is 10% of body weight?
500
These are diets recommended by the AHA to improve heart health
What is the DASH diet or the mediterranean diet?
500
This is how often you should screen someone for high cholesterol
What is the jury is still out, but recommendations are every 5 years, and more frequently if the patient is borderline or their risk factors change?